. 2021 Jan 18;19(1):63–90. doi: 10.1007/s11150-020-09540-9

Table 3.

Effects of school delivery mode(s), teacher hours, and adequacy of HH technology access on parent hours, by respondent education

	Number of parent hours
	Below HS		HS degree		Some college		College
	coeff	s.e.	coeff	s.e.	coeff	s.e.	coeff	s.e.
Household and respondent characteristics
Household type (married couple omitted)
Single female	−2.32^a	0.73	−0.95^c	0.56	−0.34	0.45	−0.01	0.43
Single male	−1.91	1.23	−0.80	1.08	−1.35^c	0.71	−1.41^c	0.75
Number of children <18	0.28	0.44	1.14^a	0.32	1.45^a	0.12	1.83^a	0.11
R age	−0.07^b	0.03	−0.13^a	0.03	−0.07^a	0.02	−0.09^a	0.02
R is working female	0.35	0.69	−0.99^c	0.52	−2.02^a	0.47	−1.69^a	0.21
R race/ethnicity (white non-Hispanic omitted)
Black non-Hispanic	−1.75	1.22	2.09^a	0.72	1.94^a	0.63	2.04^a	0.34
Hispanic	−3.97^a	0.95	0.50	0.68	−0.45	0.42	0.85	0.55
Asian	−5.43^a	1.34	−0.91	0.99	−1.98^a	0.50	0.42	0.63
Other	−1.81	3.11	−0.12	1.39	1.52^b	0.59	1.71^a	0.45
Covid-19 Shocks
Lost employment income	1.53	1.00	1.38^b	0.56	0.50^b	0.24	0.14	0.26
Food insufficiency	0.79	0.82	2.09^a	0.51	1.90^a	0.30	2.08^a	0.22
Rent or mortgage late last month	1.19	1.05	−0.19	0.53	0.38	0.41	0.28	0.31
Not at work due to Covid-19 illness	−4.17^b	2.07	2.53	2.21	0.40	1.22	−0.52	1.60
R-reported school delivery mode(s), live teacher hours, and adequacy of HH technology access (canceled entirely is omitted)
Online only with:
No teacher hours, some tech access problems	2.84	1.80	1.44	0.96	−0.37	0.86	−2.32^a	0.85
No teacher hours, no tech access problems	−0.85	1.58	−0.89	1.02	−2.16^a	0.55	−3.71^a	0.48
Live teacher hours, some tech access problems	11.72^a	2.16	8.35^a	1.39	7.69^a	0.69	8.05^a	0.65
Live teacher hours, no tech access problems	10.84^a	1.96	8.51^a	0.80	7.61^a	0.64	6.60^a	0.48
Online & paper and other modes with:
No teacher hours, some tech access problems	1.20	1.71	−0.57	1.43	1.90^a	0.61	−0.63	0.88
No teacher hours, no tech access problems	3.97^b	1.87	2.12c	1.12	0.82c	0.48	−1.64^a	0.61
Live teacher hours, some tech access problems	9.67^a	1.44	6.94^a	1.30	6.48^a	0.65	6.90^a	0.72
Live teacher hours, no tech access problems	10.52^a	1.35	8.38^a	0.91	8.39^a	0.55	7.52^a	0.49
State and week fixed effects	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes
Pseudo-R2	0.032	0.037	0.038	0.048
Number of observations	4998	22,030	63,522	108,464

All regressions are run using sample weights. Standard errors are clustered at the state level

^aStatistically significant at 1% level

^bStatistically significant at 5% level

^cStatistically significant at 10% level