Fig. 4.

LASSO regression coefficients for a subset of the models fitted at least 30% null deviance explained (1-residual deviance/null deviance). The families along the horizontal axis are response variables and metrics on the vertical axis formed the explanatory variable matrix. The size of circles indicates the size of standardized coefficients. Black outlines around circles indicate bootstrapped CIs that do not encompass 0. Blue circles, negative coefficient; red circles, positive coefficient. *, coefficients presented are from models with one or two outliers removed; §, coefficients are from models that violated assumptions of normally distributed residuals or homogeneous variance. These models are included for completeness. The full set of LASSO regression coefficients and % null deviance explained is shown in SI Appendix, Tables S5–S8.