Table 3.
Neighbourhood selection criteria for 15 International Physical Activity and Environment Study of Adolescents countries
| Australia | Bangladesh | Belgium | Brazil | Czech Republic | Denmark | Hong Kong SAR | India | Israel | Malaysia | New Zealand | Nigeria | Portugal | Spain | USA | |
| Recruitment units. # schools or admin units (if did not recruit through schools) | 18 schools | 6 schools | 4 schools | 40 census tracts | 10 schools | 8 schools | 19 schools | 157 wards | 51 statistical areas | 15 schools | 8 schools | 8 schools | 6 schools | 9 schools | 447 block groups |
| Walkability administrative unit (area) | SA1 (Statistical Area 1) | Wards | Statistical sectors | Census tracts | Cadastral Areas | Statistical Units | Tertiary Planning Units (TPUs) | Wards | Statistical areas defined by the Israel Central bureau of statistics | Neighbourhood units | Meshblocks | Census enumeration areas | Census block groups ‘Secção’ | Census tracts | Census block groups (2000) |
| Walkability index details | GIS: 5 land uses, intersection density, gross residential density, no retail FAR |
GIS: 10 land uses, Intersection density, net residential density, land use mix no retail FAR |
GIS: 5 land uses, Intersection density, net residential density, land use mix no retail FAR |
GIS: 5 land uses, intersections density, net residential density, land use mix, retail density | GIS: 4 land uses, intersection density, net residential density, land use mix, retail FAR | GIS: 6 land uses, intersection density, net residential density, land use mix, retail FAR | GIS: 5 land uses, Intersection density, net residential density, land use mix No retail FAR |
No GIS | GIS: 3 land uses, intersection density, net residential density, land use mix No retail FAR |
GIS: no land uses, intersection density, net residential density, land use mix No retail FAR |
GIS: 5 land uses, intersection density, gross residential density, land use mix No retail FAR |
No GIS | GIS: 8 land uses, intersection density, net residential density, land use mix No retail FAR |
GIS: 7 land uses, intersection density, net residential density, land use mix No retail FAR |
GIS: 5 land uses, intersection density, net residential density, land use mix, retail FAR |
| Walkability criteria | Deciles 1–5 (low) Deciles 6 to 10 (high) |
25th %tile and lower (low) 75th %tile higher (high) |
Deciles 6–10 (low) Deciles 1 to 5 (high) |
Deciles 2–3 (low) Deciles 8 to 9 (high |
Deciles 1–4 (low) Deciles 7 to 10 (high) |
Deciles 1–5 (low) Deciles 6 to 10 (high) |
Deciles 1–5 (low) Deciles 6 to 10 (high) |
High or low based on expert judgments by people familiar with GIS-based walkability components | Deciles 1–5 (low) Deciles 6 to 10 (high) |
Deciles 1–5 (low) Deciles 6 to 10 (high) |
Deciles 1–5 (low) Deciles 6 to 10 (high) |
High or low based on expert judgments by people familiar with GIS-based walkability components | Deciles 1–4 (low) Deciles 7 to 10 (high) |
Deciles 1–5 (low) Deciles 6 to 10 (high) |
Deciles 1–4 (low) Deciles 7 to 10 (high) |
| SES criteria | Deciles 1–5 (low) Deciles 6 to 10 (high) |
25th %tile and lower (low) 75th %tile and higher (high) |
Deciles 6–10 (low) Deciles 1 to 5 (high) |
Deciles 2–4 (low) Deciles 8 to 9 (high) |
Deciles 2–4 (low) Deciles 7 to 9 (high) |
Deciles 1–5 (low) Deciles 6 to 10 (high) |
Deciles 1–5 (low) Deciles 6 to 10 (high) |
High or low based on expert judgement | Deciles 1–5 (low) Deciles 6 to 10 (high) |
0 (low) 1 (high) |
Deciles 1–5 (low) Deciles 6 to 10 (high) |
High or low based on expert judgement | Deciles 1–4 (low) Deciles 7 to 10 (high) |
Deciles 1–5 (low) Deciles 6 to 10 (high) |
Deciles 1–5 (low) Deciles 7–9 (high) |
| SES sources | Median household income from Australian Bureau of Statistics 2011 |
Education (literacy rate) from Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics 2011 |
Household income from city council Ghent 2012 |
Household income from Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) (http://www.ibge .gov.br/english/) 2010 |
Degree of education, rate of unemployment from Czech Census of Population and Housing 2011 |
Household income from Municipality of Odense 2013 |
Median household income at the TPU level from Census and Statistics Department—Hong Kong 2011 |
Expert judgments, using information about property values, aesthetics, building quality, to classify wards as low or high SES | SES index of the Israeli Central Bureau of Statistics: composite measure: demographics, employment, income, education, car ownership, density. 2008 | Self-reported Income 2015 | Census median personal income from Statistics New Zealand 2006 |
National Population Commission | Education from the Portuguese Census 2011 | Education from Spanish National Statistics Institute 2011 | Median household income (2000 U.S. Census) |
| # participants per quadrant | High walk/high SES=102 High walk/low SES=136 Low walk/high SES=99 Low walk/low SES=101 |
High walk/high SES:18 High walk/low SES:25 Low walk/high SES:23 Low walk/low SES:26 |
High walk/high SES: 45 High walk/low SES:131 Low walk/high SES:106 Low walk/low SES: 9 |
High walk/high SES:105 High walk/low SES:149 Low walk/high SES:108 Low walk/low SES: 131 |
High walk/high SES: 99 High walk/low SES: 40 Low walk/high SES:59 Low walk/low SES: 140 |
High walk/high SES: 48 High walk/low SES:56 Low walk/high SES: 65 Low walk/low SES:41 |
High walk/high SES: 294 High walk/low SES:344 Low walk/high SES: 308 Low walk/low SES:349 |
High walk/high SES: 75 High walk/low SES: 88 Low walk/high SES: 77 Low walk/low SES: 76 |
High walk/high SES: 55 High walk/low SES:55 Low walk/high SES: 62 Low walk/low SES:60 |
High walk/high SES: 232 High walk/low SES:377 Low walk/high SES: 68 Low walk/low SES:75 |
High walk/high SES: 139 High walk/low SES: 189 Low walk high SES: 178 Low walk/low SES:142 |
High walk/high SES: 15 High walk/low SES: 131 Low walk/high SES: 95 Low walk/low SES: 27 |
High walk/high SES: 56 High walk/low SES:33 Low walk/high SES: 41 Low walk/low SES:54 |
High walk/ high SES: 110 High walk/low SES:64 Low walk/high SES: 139 Low walk/low SES:152 |
High walk/high SES: 234 High walk/low SES:224 Low walk/high SES: 231 Low walk /low SES:239 |
GIS, geographic information systems; SES, socioeconomic status.