Table 4.

Multivariate logistic regression models for the three burn-out domains

		Emotional exhaustion		Professional efficacy		Cynicism
		Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value	Adjusted OR (95% CI)	P value
Sex	Male	1		1		1
	Female	1.38 (1.06 to 1.79)	0.016	1.13 (0.90 to 1.43)	0.294	0.83 (0.64 to 1.08)	0.173
Living condition	With family/other relatives	1		1		1
	Alone	1.70 (1.27 to 2.28)	<0.001	1.09 (0.83 to 1.42)	0.538	1.24 (0.93 to 1.67)	0.143
Workplace	Intensive care units	1	**	1		1	*
	Subintensive care wards for patients with COVID-19	0.73 (0.46 to 1.17)	0.190	1.04 (0.67 to 1.63)	0.849	0.47 (0.28 to 0.77)	0.003
	Front-line services dealing with patients with COVID-19	0.61 (0.37 to 1.00)	0.049	0.97 (0.61 to 1.55)	0.907	0.69 (0.42 to 1.14)	0.146
	Non-COVID wards	0.53 (0.37 to 0.77)	0.001	1.10 (0.77 to 1.56)	0.600	0.60 (0.42 to 0.87)	0.007
	Laboratory diagnostic services	0.70 (0.43 to 1.15)	0.163	1.10 (0.69 to 1.74)	0.693	0.71 (0.43 to 1.17)	0.180
	Administration	0.53 (0.29 to 0.96)	0.037	0.86 (0.50 to 1.47)	0.578	0.69 (0.38 to 1.26)	0.228
Length of working experience	<6 years	1		1		1
	6–20 years	1.77 (1.27 to 2.47)	0.001	1.01 (0.75 to 1.37)	0.923	1.26 (0.90 to 1.77)	0.179
	>20 years	1.69 (1.22 to 2.35)	0.002	0.90 (0.67 to 1.21)	0.486	0.93 (0.66 to 1.32)	0.698
Occupation	Physicians	1	**	1	***	1	**
	Residents	1.82 (1.13 to 2.94)	0.014	2.61 (1.71 to 3.98)	<0.001	2.02 (1.24 to 3.27)	0.004
	Nurses	1.75 (1.23 to 2.49)	0.002	1.29 (0.94 to 1.76)	0.113	1.69 (1.17 to 2.45)	0.006
	Other healthcare staff	1.22 (0.83 to 1.79)	0.299	0.98 (0.70 to 1.37)	0.901	1.24 (0.83 to 1.87)	0.290
	Administrative staff	1.19 (0.68 to 2.08)	0.550	1.10 (0.68 to 1.78)	0.706	1.22 (0.68 to 2.19)	0.500
Other personal information	Having pre-existing psychological problems
	No	1		1		1
	Yes	2.35 (1.53 to 3.60)	<0.001	1.60 (1.08 to 2.36)	0.019	1.84 (1.23 to 2.75)	0.003
	COVID-19-related traumatic event
	No	1		1		1
	Yes	2.40 (1.88 to 3.07)	<0.001	1.10 (0.88 to 1.37)	0.393	1.37 (1.06 to 1.76)	0.016
Job stress	Increased conflict among colleagues
	No	1		1		1
	Yes	1.48 (1.20 to 1.83)	<0.001	1.20 (0.99 to 1.46)	0.058	1.49 (1.20 to 1.86)	<0.001
	Additional task assignment
	No	1		1		1
	Yes	1.51 (1.19 to 1.91)	0.001	0.83 (0.67 to 1.03)	0.086	1.45 (1.13 to 1.85)	0.004
	Increased workload
	No	1		1		1
	Yes	1.73 (1.33 to 2.25)	<0.001	0.97 (0.77 to 1.22)	0.783	0.87 (0.66 to 1.14)	0.319
Interpersonal avoidance	Perceived avoidance (0=no to 4=high)	1.06 (0.96 to 1.18)	0.232	1.16 (1.05 to 1.27)	0.003	1.15 (1.03 to 1.28)	0.012
	Safety behaviours (0=no to 4=high)	1.29 (1.15 to 1.45)	<0.001	1.12 (1.01 to 1.25)	0.026	1.13 (1.01 to 1.28)	0.034
	Observations (n)	1887		1887		1887
	LR test, p value	381.79	<0.001	104.15	<0.001	128.79	<0.001
	Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness of fit (10 groups)
	χ2(8), p value	3.41	0.906	3.01	0.933	4.68	0.791
	Pearson goodness of fit
	Covariate patterns (n)	1868		1868		1868
	χ2(1803), p value	1867	0.342	1868.75	0.332	1853.67	0.426
	Area under ROC curve	0.756		0.632		0.664

Overall LR test: *p<0.05; **p<0.01; ***p<0.001.

LR, likelihood ratio; ROC, receiver operating characteristic.