Fig. 7.

The inhibitory effects of black radish extract (BRE) on extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) phosphorylation in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The cells were pre-treated with BRE for 1 h prior to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) treatment. After treatment with 1 μg/mL LPS, the phosphorylated JNK (A and C) and ERK (B and D) levels were analyzed by immunoblotting. ERK and JNK levels were estimated by the loaded protein as each control. Data are expressed as mean±SD of the three independent experiments. ^##P<0.01 versus control; ^*P<0.05 and ^**P<0.01 versus LPS treatment alone.