Table 4.

Taxonomy defining the ROA categories and their corresponding terms. Primary ROA include all the expansion terms considered for the appropriate secondary ROA (original candidate expansion set comprised 199 unique terms).

Primary and secondary ROAa		Terms
Ingestion
	Oral	bolus, buccal, gulp, mouth, mouthful, oralb, orally, swallowb
	Sublingual	sublingualb, sublingually, tongue, tounge
	Drink	chug, drink, pour, pourin, sipb, sipper, sippin, swig, swish
	Chew	chewb, chewy, chomp, gum
	General ingestion	ingestb, ingestion
Inhalation
	Intranasal	intranasal, intranasally, nasal, nasally, nose, nostril, rail, sniffb, sniffer, sniffin, snoot, snooter, snortb, snorter, tooter
	General inhalation	breath, breathe, dab, exhale, inhalation, inhaleb, insufflate, insufflated, insufflating, insufflation, puff, toke, tokes, vap, vape, vaped, vapes, vaping, vapor, vaporise, vaporize, vaporizer, vapour
	Smoking	bong, fume, hookah, pipe, smokeb, smoker, smokin, spliff
Injection
	Intramuscular	deltoid, imed, iming, intramuscularb, intramuscularly
	Subcutaneous	subcutaneousb, subcutaneously, subq
	Intravenous	arterial, bloodstream, intravenousb, intravenously, iv, ivd, ived, iving, ivs, vein, venous
	General injection	bang, injectb, injectable, injection, parenteral, shoot, shot
Rectally		anal, anally, boof, boofed, boofing, bunghole, butt, pooper, rectalb, rectally
Other ROA
	Dermal	cutaneous, dermis, transdermalb, transdermally
	Urogenital	vaginal
	Intrathecal	intrathecal

^aROA: routes of administration.

^bSeed term K.