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The NF-κB signaling pathway. Stimulation of TNFR1, IL-1R, and TLRs with their ligands promotes recruitments of the indicated adaptor proteins and E3 ligases, which catalyzes the synthesis of K63-linked polyubiquitin chains that preferentially bind to TAB2 and TAB3 subunits, resulting in the assembly and activation of TAK1-TABs complex. TAK1-TABs then phosphorylates IKKs, which activates transcription factor NF-κB and elicits the transcription of downstream genes.
