Table 3.

Non-clustered ROC and clustered ROC analysis of all lesions. Results based on analysis of 33 fungal lesions and 38 lymphoma manifestations and results of PyRadiomics. Additionally, the median and IQR of HeterogeneityCAD results are listed. Cutoff value and direction are only specified in case of significant differences. IQR, interquartile range; MWU, Mann-Whitney U; NICQ, non-enhanced imaging characterization quotient

	Parameter	Entity	PyRadiomics															HeterogeneityCAD
			Median	IQR	AUC [%]	AUC 95%-CI [%]	MWU p	Sensitivity [%]	Specificity [%]	PPV [%]	NPV [%]	Accuracy [%]	Youden’s index	Cutoff	Values indicating lymphoma in relation to cutoff	Clustered AUC [%]	Clustered AUC 95% [%]	Median	IQR
T1w	Skewness	Fungal	− 0.06	− 0.40 to 0.13	53.0	41–65	0.67	39.5	75.8	65.2	52.1	56.3	0.15	n. a.	n. a.	53.0	41–65	0.05	− 0.23 to 0.30
		Lymphoma	− 0.03	− 0.33 to 0.20														0.03	− 0.19 to 0.30
	Kurtosis	Fungal	2.71	2.20–3.29	53.4	42–65	0.63	100.0	24.2	60.3	100.0	64.8	0.24	n. a.	n. a.	53.4	40–66	− 0.45	− 0.80 to 0.05
		Lymphoma	2.88	2.59–3.06														− 0.05	− 0.37 to 0.25
	Entropy	Fungal	3.78	3.36–4.16	73.0	63–83	< 0.001	71.1	66.7	71.1	66.7	69.0	0.38	4.02	≥	73.1	59–87	87.28	14.75–650.79
		Lymphoma	4.18	3.93–4.51														2353.17	337.53–10,393.15
	Uniformity	Fungal	0.08	0.07–0.11	73.1	63–83	< 0.001	60.5	75.8	74.2	62.5	67.6	0.36	0.07	≤	73.1	60–86	224.00	54.50–2063.50
		Lymphoma	0.06	0.05–0.07														8439.00	752.00–72,185.00
	Energy	Fungal	6,602,482.72	3,027,347.50–32,464,709.20	77.8	68–88	< 0.0001	81.6	69.7	75.6	76.7	76.1	0.51	11,039,725.46	≥	77.8	65–90	2,871,630	638,011–8,310,936
		Lymphoma	53,556,250.85	18,054,695.78–131,990,284.17														20,675,200	5,975,740–63,000,615
	T1Qmean	Fungal	0.83	0.70–0.89	65.0	54–76	< 0.05	63.2	66.7	68.6	61.1	64.8	0.30	0.85	≥	65.0	48–82	0.83	0.70–0.89
		Lymphoma	0.88	0.82–0.97														0.88	0.82–0.97
T2w	Skewness	Fungal	0.00	− 0.34 to 0.54	63.0	52–74	0.06	60.5	72.7	71.9	61.5	66.2	0.33	n. a.	n. a.	63.0	49–77	0.08	− 0.19 to 0.44
		Lymphoma	0.41	− 0.14 to 0.69														0.49	0.10–0.83
	Kurtosis	Fungal	2.24	2.10–3.23	63.1	52–74	0.06	76.3	57.6	67.4	67.9	67.6	0.34	n. a.	n. a.	63.1	50–76	− 0.36	− 0.82 to 0.02
		Lymphoma	2.65	2.34–3.70														− 0.12	− 0.63 to 0.35
	Entropy	Fungal	2.51	2.19–3.24	54.5	43–66	0.53	15.8	100.0	100.0	50.8	54.9	0.16	n. a.	n. a.	54.5	37–71	91.65	11.38–526.76
		Lymphoma	2.72	2.08–3.59														1931.14	519.84–5176.96
	Uniformity	Fungal	0.20	0.12–0.25	52.8	41–64	0.69	15.8	100.0	100.0	50.8	54.9	0.16	n. a.	n. a.	52.9	36–70	226.00	42.00–1074.00
		Lymphoma	0.18	0.10–0.28														5675.00	1202.00–19,005.00
	Energy	Fungal	2,023,677.45	1,109,055.76–6,915,745.33	79.7	70–89	< 0.0001	76.3	78.8	80.6	74.3	77.5	0.55	7,281,428.07	≥	79.7	69–91	7,783,182	1,928,752–32,740,080
		Lymphoma	13,815,814.06	7,344,433.37–28,408,097.66														75,864,984	12,207,449–135,023,060
	T2NICQmean	Fungal	20.61	8.79–35.21	64.5	53–76	< 0.05	86.8	42.4	63.5	73.7	66.2	0.29	23.99	≤	64.5	48–81	20.61	8.79–35.21
		Lymphoma	11.07	1.47–21.70														11.07	1.42–22.01
	T2NICQ90th	Fungal	37.35	20.28–64.38	61.6	50–73	0.09	92.1	39.4	63.6	81.2	67.6	0.32	n. a.	n. a.	61.6	46–77	37.35	20.28–64.38
		Lymphoma	28.86	9.38–45.67														28.86	9.26–46.15