Table 2.
Clinical features for surgical and medical NEC in the period preceding diagnosis (T0)
| Surgical NEC (n = 41) |
Medical NEC (n = 32) |
p value | Unadjusted OR [95% CI] |
p value | Adjusted OR [95% CI] | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NEC onset days (median [IQR]) | 10 [7–15] | 15 [9–21] | 0.007 | 0.90 [0.83–0.97] | 0.003 | 0.85 [0.77-0.95] |
| Time until first defecation days (median [IQR]) | 2 [1–3] | 2 [1–4] | 0.716 | 0.95 [0.72–1.26] | ||
| Late onset sepsis < 72 h prior t0 (n [%]) | 24 [58.5] | 10 [31.3] | 0.022 | 3.11 [1.18–8.21] | ||
| Hemodynamically significant PDA (n [%]) | 22 [53.7] | 7 [21.9] | 0.007 | 4.14 [1.46–11.69] | 0.003 | 7.60 [2.03-28.47] |
| RBC transfusion days (median [IQR]) | 1 [1–2] | 1 [0–3] | 0.619 | 0.92 [0.67–1.27] | ||
| Time between last dose and t0 days (median [IQR]) | 2 [1–8] | 2 [1–6] | 0.901 | 0.99 [0.88–1.12] | ||
| Mechanic ventilation exposure (n [%]) | 30 [73.2] | 18 [56.3] | 0.134 | 2.12 [0.79–5.67] | ||
| Mechanic ventilation days (median [IQR]) | 4 [1-6] | 3 [0–9] | 0.767 | 1.01 [0.92–1.11] | ||
| Enteral feeding type (n [%]) | ||||||
| Breast milk | 14 [41.2] | 12 [41.4] | 0.346 | Reference | ||
| Formula milk | 5 [12.2] | 1 [3.14] | 0.211 | 4.29 [0.44–41.95] | ||
| Combination | 15 [44.1] | 16 [55.2] | 0.682 | 0.80 [0.28–2.28] | ||
| Increase enteral feeding (mean [SD]) mL/kg/day | 11.14 [4.87] | 11.08 [3.20] | 0.949 | 1.00 [0.90–1.12] | ||
| Achieved full enteral feeding (n [%]) | 15 [36.6] | 20 [62.5] | 0.030 | 0.35 [0.13–0.90] | ||
| Age at full enteral feeding in days (median [IQR]) | 9 [6–12] | 10 [9–12] | 0.227 | 0.86 [0.67–1.10] | ||
| Total days parenteral feeding (median [IQR]) | 9 [5–13] | 9 [5–12] | 0.894 | 1.01 [0.90–1.13] | ||
| Postpartum antibiotics (n [%]) | ||||||
| Not administered | 3 [7.3] | 9 [28.1] | 0.081 | Reference | ||
| 1–3 days administered | 22 [53.7] | 14 [43.8] | 0.038 | 4.71 [1.09–20.47] | ||
| > 3 days administered | 16 [39.0] | 9 [28.1] | 0.033 | 5.33 [1.14–24.90] | ||
|
Antibiotics days (median (IQR]) Time between last dose and t0 (median [IQR]) days |
5 [3–9] 1 [0–5] |
6 [3–8] 2 [0–7] |
0.844 0.115 |
0.99 [0.89–1.11] 0.92 [0.82–1.02] |
||
| Antibiotic exposure per group (n [%]) | ||||||
| Aminoglycoside | 34 [82.9] | 24 [75.0] | 0.408 | 1.62 [0.52–5.07] | ||
| Carbapenem | 2 [4.9] | 2 [6.3] | 0.799 | 0.77 [0.10–5.78] | ||
| Cephalosporin | 12 [29.3] | 4 [12.5] | 0.094 | 2.90 [0.83–10.06] | ||
| Glycopeptide | 9 [22.0] | 5 [15.6] | 0.497 | 1.52 [0.45–5.08] | ||
| Penicillin (-clavulanic acid) | 39 [95.1] | 28 [87.5] | 0.255 | 2.79 [0.48–16.28] | ||
| Medication (n [%]) | ||||||
| Antimycotics | 9 [22.0] | 6 [18.8] | 0.737 | 1.22 [0.38–3.87] | ||
| Corticosteroids | 5 [12.2] | 3 [9.4] | 0.703 | 1.34 [0.30–6.09] | ||
| Inotropes | 15 [36.6] | 6 [18.8] | 0.100 | 2.50 [0.84–7.45] | ||
IQR, interquartile range; n, number; RBC, red blood cell; PDA, patent ductus arteriosus; t0, clinical onset of NEC