. 2020 May 27;58(1):311–322. doi: 10.1007/s13197-020-04544-w

Table 1.

Nutritional composition of barley, rye, triticale, oat, sorghum and millet flours (values based on fresh weight of samples)

	Barley	Rye	Triticale	Oat	Sorghum	Millet
Ash (g/100 g)	1.58^e	2.02^d	2.33^a	2.26^b	2.15^c	1.17^f
Protein (g/100 g)	11.60^b	11.36^b	12.30^a	8.33^d	12.62^a	9.48^c
Fat (g/100 g)	1.87^d	2.52^b	1.74^e	4.88^a	2.18^c	1.62^f
Sugars (g/100 g)	2.89^b	3.85^a	3.61^a	3.61^a	0.96^c	0.48^c
Total starch (g/100 g)	61.45^d	57.18^e	57.30^e	62.10^c	67.05^b	77.77^a
TDF (g/100 g)	15.21^ab	12.94^bc	18.13^a	11.25^d	12.13^bc	4.63^e
IDF (g/100 g)	8.68^b	8.72^b	12.29^a	7.52^b	9.01^b	1.77^c
β-glucan (g/100 g)	2.98^a	1.41^b	0.68^c	1.58^b	0.05^d	0.04^d
TP (mg GAE/g)	1.136^b	1.200^b	1.216^b	1.168^b	5.760^a	0.288^b
TF (mg RE/g)	0.321^b	0.275^b	0.196^c	0.338^b	0.875^a	0.068^d
Tannins (mg CE/g)	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	n.d.	1.067	n.d.
Mineral composition (mg/kg)
Na	19.64^cd	105.01^b	13.73^d	127.65^a	14.34^d	23.4^c
K	2101^c	3691^a	3634^a	1981^d	2540^b	1165^e
Mg	355.5^f	927.1^c	1117^b	803.1^d	1777^a	732.5^e
Ca	188.45^c	147.36^d	442.15^b	531.79^a	34.12^e	42.4^e
Mn	6.48^e	25.36^c	43.76^a	28.12^b	16.62^d	2.94^f
Fe	24.42^e	31.88^c	33.74^b	29.41^d	36.81^a	23.37^f
Cu	5.23^a	5.22^a	4.49^b	3.81^c	3.89^c	3.47^d
Zn	9.82^e	15.56^b	12.39^c	18.72^a	11.87^d	18.89^a
Fatty acid profile (% of total lipids)
Palmitic acid (16:0)	24.0^a	18.9^d	20.5^c	15.3^e	21.3^b	11.0^f
Stearic acid (18:0)	2.1^b	2.1^b	1.8^c	1.8^c	1.5^d	2.7^a
Oleic acid (18:1)	20.9^d	17.2^e	16.9^e	27.8^b	38.5^a	26.8^c
Linoleic acid (18:2)	43.4^d	50.3^b	51.7^a	48.7^c	35.9^e	51.5^a
Arachidic acid (20:0)	4.6^b	3.9^c	2.6^e	3.1^d	0.3^f	5.1^a
α-linolenic acid (18:3)	5.0^c	7.7^a	6.6^b	3.4^d	2.5^f	2.8^e
Saturated	30.7^a	24.9^b	24.9^b	20.2^d	23.1^c	18.8^e
Monounsaturated	20.9^d	17.2^e	16.9^e	27.8^b	38.5^a	26.8^c
Polyunsaturated	48.4^d	58.0^a	58.3^a	52.1^c	38.4^e	54.3^b
ω-6/ω-3 ratio	8.7^c	6.5^e	7.8^d	14.3^b	14.4^b	18.4^a
Amino acid composition (g/100 g)
Alanine (Ala)	0.53^d	0.68^c	0.66 ^cd	0.71^c	1.21^b	1.47^a
Arginine (Arg)	0.40^c	0.57^c	1.18^a	0.88^b	1.31^a	0.36^c
Aspartic acid (Asp)	0.10^c	0.78^ab	0.57^b	0.90^a	0.90^a	0.60^b
Cysteine (Cys)	0.30^a	0.09^d	0.22^c	0.27^b	0.07^d	0.03^e
Glutamic acid (Glu)	0.68^e	2.13^c	2.59^b	1.67^d	3.39^a	1.48^d
Glycine (Gly)	0.79^a	0.76^a	0.59^b	0.62^b	0.37^c	0.27^c
Histidine (His)	0.39^a	0.20^c	0.33^ab	0.31^abc	0.25^bc	0.22^bc
Isoleucine (Ile)	1.29^a	0.34^d	0.41^c	0.59^b	0.44^c	0.46^c
Leucine (Leu)	0.14^d	0.92^c	1.07^b	1.10^b	1.84^a	1.83^a
Lysine (Lys)	0.64^b	1.16^a	0.54^c	0.30^d	0.16^e	0.17^e
Methionine (Met)	0.38^a	0.13^c	0.28^b	0.16^c	0.16^c	0.29^ab
Phenylalanine (Phe)	2.35^a	0.15^d	0.38^bc	0.28 ^cd	0.49^b	0.21^d
Proline (Pro)	0.60^d	1.35^b	1.56^a	0.68^d	1.02^c	0.95^c
Serine (Ser)	1.86^a	0.64 ^cd	0.76^bc	0.57^d	0.55^d	0.80^b
Threonine (Thr)	0.57^a	0.47^bc	0.49^ab	0.50^ab	0.39 ^cd	0.35^d
Tyrosine (Tyr)	0.30^ab	0.10^d	0.18 ^cd	0.38^a	0.24^bc	0.23^bc
Valine (Val)	0.65^ab	0.86^a	0.58^b	0.86^a	0.57^b	0.52^b

TDF total dietary fibre, IDF insoluble dietary fibre, TP total phenolics, GAE gallic acid equivalents, n.d. not detected

Values in the rows followed by different lowercase letters are significantly different (P < 0.05)