Table 1.
Demographic and neuropsychological characteristics of the clinical sample.
| ACTS | AC | TS | NC | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number of participants (36) | 11 | 10 | 6 | 8 |
| Sex (M:F) | 9:2 | 6:4 | 6:0 | 7:1 |
| Mean age (years) | 12.3 (±2.7) | 13.1 (±3.1) | 13.8 (±2) | 12.6 (±2.6) |
| IQ | ||||
| TIQ | 79.8 (±23.3) | 74.3 (±16.3) | 96.3 (±11.2) | 88.6 (±9.4) |
| VIQ | 79.9 (±22.5) | 74.9 (±17.2) | 95.3 (±11.3) | 86.2 (±9.3) |
| PIQ | 86.7 (±21.6) | 77.8 (±17.4) | 98.6 (±16.4) | 93.1 (±8.5) |
| YGTSS | ||||
| Total | 19.9 (±8.3) | 0 | 22.5 (±7.2) | 0 |
| Motor | 12 (±4.1) | 0 | 13.6 (±4.7) | 0 |
| Fonic | 7.9 (±5.4) | 0 | 8.8 (±2.9) | 0 |
| CYBOCS | ||||
| Total | 14.4 (±5.4) | 8.2 (±2.8) | 18 (±9.7) | 7.2 (±3.1) |
| Obsessions | 6.5 (±2.2) | 4 (±2.2) | 9.3 (±4.8) | 4 (±2.7) |
| Compulsions | 7.9 (±3.4) | 4.2 (±1.2) | 8.6 (±5.3) | 6.6 (±9.5) |
| CBCL | ||||
| Total | 54.3 (±34.4) | 26.8 (±12.1) | 48.1 (±15.3) | 24.9 (±5.8) |
| Internalizing | 16.6 (±11.3) | 8.7 (±3.7) | 11 (±3.4) | 9 (±4.9) |
| Externalizing | 21.4 (±11.9) | 10.9 (±6.2) | 18.5 (±6.6) | 6.4 (±2.6) |
| Conners | 29.5 (±22.3) | 25.1 (±14.1) | 48.1 (±15.3) | 11.2 (±4.5) |
Standard deviation is shown between parenthesis. ACTS, Arnold Chiari + Tourette Syndrome; AC, Arnold Chiari; TS, Tourette Syndrome; NC, Normal Control; TIQ, Total intelligence quotient; VIQ, Verbal intelligence quotient, PIQ: performance intelligence quotient; YGTSS, Yale Global Tic Severity Scale; CYBOCS Tot, Children Yale Brown Obsessive Compulsive Scale total score; CBCL-Tot, Child Behavior Check List.
According to two-tailed Mann–Whitney U test, there were no statistically significant sex differences between groups in the comparisons between TS and AC (p-value = 0.2335), TS and ACTS (p-value = 0.2952), TS and NC (p-value > 0.999), NC and AC (p-value = 0.313), NC and ACTS (p-value >0.999), AC and ACTS (p-value = 0.292) groups.