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. 2021 Jan 18;12(1):88. doi: 10.1038/s41419-020-03357-1

Fig. 7. ATO administration accelerates autophagy in the aorta of ApoE−/− mice and reduces atherosclerotic lesion.

Fig. 7

A ApoE−/− mice were fed a western diet and were treated intraperitoneally with ATO (2.5 mg/kg) or the same volume of vehicle in saline as described in methods to establish early-stage atherogenesis lesions. B, C IF images of early-stage atherosclerotic (ApoE-KO) aortic roots stained with antibodies against LC3 (green), p62 (red) and DAPI (blue). Scale bars = 200 μm (n = 3 mice per group). D, E Representative immunofluorescence images of atherosclerotic aortic roots stained with antibodies against LAMP1 (green) and DAPI (blue). Scale bars = 200 μm (n = 3 mice per group). F, H Co-localization of LC3 (red) and CD11b (green) was also analyzed in the same aortic roots, and DAPI (blue) was added to label nuclei. Scale bars = 100 μm. G Representative Oil Red O and H&E staining of cross sections of aortic roots in the control, ATO, and ATO + 3-MA groups (n = 4 mice per group). The arrow indicates necrotic core. Scale bars = 200 μm. I The lipid content was calculated and analyzed from Oil Red O staining images. J, K The nerotic core area and thickness of fibrous cap were calculated and analyzed from H&E staining images. Data are expressed as mean ± SD from 3 independent experiments. *p vs. Control, #p vs. ATO. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001, #p < 0.05, ##p < 0.01, and ns means non-significant.