Table 3.
Baseline characteristics of obese normotensive vs. obese hypertensive patients by age group.
| Characteristics | All participants (n = 169) | Age < 40 (n = 56) | Age ≥ 40 (n = 113) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal (n = 24) | Pre-operative HTN (n = 32) | P value | Normal (n = 22) | Pre-Operative HTN (n = 91) | P value | ||
| Age at time of surgery (years) | 43.86 (10.42) | 29.04 (6.02) | 34.47 (4.33) | 0.0004 | 47.55 (6.60) | 50.18 (6.58) | 0.082 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 48.50 (8.25) | 49.07 (8.10) | 50.79 (8.55) | 0.363 | 46.25 (7.30) | 48.09 (8.34) | 0.355 |
| Gender (% female) | 144 (86.23%) | 22 (91.67%) | 28 (87.50%) | 0.691 | 18 (81.82%) | 76 (85.39%) | 0.742 |
| Average household income ($) | 84,563 (32,812) | 83,705.70 (39,483.93) | 70, 074.40 (25,626.00) | 0.335 | 82,204.73 (29,724.03) | 90,251.61 (32,732.67) | 0.403 |
| Procedure type | |||||||
| RNY (0) | 135 (79.88%) | 15 (62.50%) | 27 (84.38%) | 0.117 | 18 (81.82%) | 75 (82.42%) | 0.867 |
| Sleeve (2) | 31 (18.34%) | 9 (37.50%) | 5 (15.63%) | 4 (18.18%) | 13 (14.29%) | ||
| Surgery not performed (4) | 3 (1.78%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 0 (0.00%) | 3 (3.30%) | ||
| Tobacco use | |||||||
| No | 109 (90.83%) | 15 (93.75%) | 20 (80.00%) | 0.376 | 16 (0.00%) | 58 (92.06%) | 0.577 |
| Yes | 11 (9.17%) | 1 (6.25%) | 5 (20.00% | 0 (0.00%) | 5 (7.94%) | ||
| Pre-operative systolic blood pressure | 137.78 (19.30) | 129.23 (15.11) | 140.48 (19.64) | 0.032 | 131.59 (14.89) | 140.61 (20.37) | 0.062 |
| Pre-operative diastolic blood pressure | 83.16 (10.59) | 81.45 (7.94) | 85.39 (10.71) | 0.223 | 80.32 (10.36) | 83.53 (11.14) | 0.213 |
| Pre-operative pulse pressure | 51.71 (18.56) | 43.79 (17.92) | 53.38 (17.61) | 0.037 | 51.27 (9.59) | 53.32 (20.31) | 0.392 |
| Pre-operative heart rate | 80.50 (13.82) | 76.86 (18.94) | 83.97 (12.03) | 0.136 | 77.33 (10.29) | 80.96 (13.49) | 0.196 |
| Creatinine | 0.86 (0.27) | 0.81 (0.15) | 0.84 (0.21) | 0.905 | 0.79 (0.21) | 0.89 (0.31) | 0.110 |
| Pre-operative degenerative joint disease | |||||||
| No | 115 (68.45%) | 17 (70.83%) | 25 (78.13%) | 0.533 | 14 (66.67%) | 59 (64.84%) | 0.874 |
| Yes | 53 (31.55%) | 7 (29.17%) | 7 (21.88%) | 7 (33.33%) | 32 (35.16%) | ||
| Pre-operative hyper cholesterol | |||||||
| No | 116 (68.64%) | 22 (91.67%) | 23 (71.88%) | 0.093 | 18 (81.82%) | 53 (58.24%) | 0.050 |
| Yes | 53 (31.36%) | 2 (8.33%) | 9 (28.13%) | 4 (18.18%) | 38 (41.76%) | ||
| Pre-operative obstructive sleep apnea | |||||||
| No | 74 (44.05%) | 15 (62.50%) | 14 (43.75%) | 0.165 | 9 (42.86%) | 36 (39.56%) | 0.781 |
| Yes | 94 (55.95%) | 9 (37.50%) | 18 (56.25%) | 12 (57.14%) | 55 (60.44%) | ||
| Pre-operative diabetes | |||||||
| No | 111 (65.68%) | 22 (91.67%) | 23 (71.88%) | 0.093 | 19 (86.36%) | 47 (51.65%) | 0.003 |
| Yes | 58 (34.32%) | 2 (8.33%) | 9 (28.13%) | 3 (13.64%) | 44 (48.35%) | ||
BMI = Body Mass Index (Weight/ Height2); Data are expressed as mean (standard deviation) if numerical variables, or as the number of patients and their percentages (%), if categorical; * Fisher Exact Test; Pre-operative HTN: (1) Patient reported having hypertension and/or required medication at the time of screening; (2) the patient had a systolic blood level ≥ 130 mmHg and/or diastolic levels ≥ 90 mmHg.