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. 2021 Jan 18;11:1754. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-81185-9

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Model response to electrical stimulation. Frequency of firing (A) and Energy consumption (C) by ionic pumps (blue trace) and all other (whole) cellular processes (orange trace) of the model concerning the amplitude of stimulating depolarized current (1 s), Extracellular dopamine concentration (B) and Energy consumption (D) by ionic pumps (blue trace) and all other (whole) cellular processes (orange trace) of the model concerning the frequency of stimulating depolarized current (2 secs). ATP adenosine triphosphate, Hz Hertz, pA picoampere, mM millimolar.