Table 2.
Comparison of the seven methods
| Isolation methods | Separation basis | Purity | Recovery rate |
|---|---|---|---|
| Differential centrifugation with addition of 30% sucrose buffer solution | Density, size, etc. | High | Low [23, 24] |
| Precipitation | Polymer precipitation | Low | High [25–29] |
| Flushing separation | Positive charge adsorption | High | Low [30] |
| Ultrafiltration | Size | High | Low [31–34] |
| Immunomagnetic bead method | Antigen-antibody specific reaction | High | [11, 35–44] |
| Microfluidic separation | Density, size, etc. | High | [42, 43] |
| Mass spectrometry | Ion-to-mass ratio | High | [44, 45] |