Table 3.

Hierarchical Multiple Regression Analysis Results

Variables	Step 1		Step 2		Step 3
	β	P-value	β	P-value	β	P-value
Control variables
Edu-1	−0.176	0.010	−0.063	0.219	−0.054	0.260
Edu-2	−0.124	0.065	−0.022	0.673	0.061	0.951
Smoking	0.097	0.245	0.103	0.100	0.084	0.153
Drinking alcohol	0.090	0.275	0.173	0.006	0.149	0.011
Distant metastasis	0.201	0.002	0.136	0.005	0.080	0.087
Perceived stress			0.659	<0.000	0.477	<0.000
Hope					−0.309	<0.000
F	5.632**		38.025***		41.464***
R2	0.112		0.506		0.567
Adjusted R2	0.092		0.492		0.553
R2-change	0.112		0.394		0.061

Notes: Edu-1 means “middle school or lower” vs “college or above”; Edu-2 means “high or secondary school” vs “college or above”; **p <0.01, ***p <0.001.