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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Jun 1.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Ind Med. 2020 Apr 9;63(6):465–477. doi: 10.1002/ajim.23109

TABLE 4.

The predicted percentage and estimated number of workers exposed to silica at least 10 times the NIOSH REL in 2014 by five-digit NAICS codea

NAICS title NAICS code Number of inspections with silica samples after data editing Estimated workers exposedb Percentage exposedc 90% CIc
Poured concrete foundation and structure contractors 238110 39 5300 2.87 1.06–4.67
Commercial and institutional building construction 236220 37 2800 0.56 0.16–0.96
Masonry contractors 238140 157 2700 2.15 1.24–3.06
Painting and wall covering contractors 238320 31 1100 0.64 0.13–1.15
Highway, street, and bridge construction 237310 97 900 0.34 0.13–0.55
All other specialty trade contractors 238990 54 900 0.41 0.13–0.70
Ready-mix concrete manufacturing 327320 41 800 1.19 0.24–2.14
Other heavy and civil engineering construction 237990 22 500 0.62 0.10–1.14
All other nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing 327990 268 400 0.73 0.44–1.01
Ferrous metal foundries 331510 490 200 0.24 0.17–0.32
Coating, engraving, heat treating, and allied activities 332810 78 200 0.13 0.05–0.20
Glass and glass product manufacturing 327210 56 100 0.07 0.01–0.14
Other concrete product manufacturing 327390 127 100 0.16 0.05–0.28
Plate work and fabricated structural product manufacturing 332310 60 100 0.05 0.02–0.07
16 100

Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; NAICS, North American Industry Classification System; NIOSH, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health; REL, recommended exposure limit.

a

This does not account for respirator use.

b

Rounded to the nearest 100 workers.

c

Rounded to the nearest 100th percent.