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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Aug 18.
Published in final edited form as: Acc Chem Res. 2020 Jul 21;53(8):1593–1604. doi: 10.1021/acs.accounts.0c00292

Figure 3.

Figure 3.

DM-nitrophen - the first highly effective caged calcium.

A. Synthesis and photolysis of DM-nitrophen11. B. Rate of Ca2+ release.13 C. Uncaging Ca2+ in a synaptic connection15. (i) Images of a calyx of Held synapse, left - simultaneous pre- and postsynaptic patch-clamp. Imaging the presynapse, containing DM-nitrophen and furaptra, allowed measurement of uncaged [Ca2+] (red dots). (ii) flash photolysis caused corresponding postsynaptic currents (iii), giving estimates of glutamate release rates (iv). (v) Quantitative description of peak [Ca2+] and the number of quanta released by Ca2+-driven exocytosis.

B: Reproduced with permission from ref. 13. Copyright (1996) Biophysical Society. C: Adapted with permission from ref. 15. Copyright (2000) AAAS.