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. 2021 Jan 19;9:16. doi: 10.1186/s40478-020-01114-1

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Serine and glycine levels are elevated in the core of tumor with nutrient-poor microenvironment in GBM patients. See also Additional File 2: Supplemental Fig. 1. a Representative MR image for MR spectroscopy (MRS) in a 68-year-old patient with GBM. Volumes of interest (VOIs) of MRS study were placed on the tumor bulk (red square) and the tumor edge (blue square). The relative level of glutamine and glutamate (Gln and Glu), and lactate (Lac) was calculated with respect to creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr and PCr) in 7 GBM patients (statistically significant with *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01). b GC–MS analysis in tumor samples obtained from a 60-year-old patient with GBM. Each sample was targeted in representative MR images using BrainLab navigation system. c Ex vivo serine and glycine levels in four GBM patients (central; 9 samples, edge; 8 samples)