Table 1.

Factors associated with general willingness to receive intravenous buprenorphine treatment in the study sample

	N (%) or Median [IQR]	Univariate analysis n = 209			Multivariate analysis n = 197
		OR	[95% CI]	p	AOR	[95% CI]	p
Questionnaire
Online	162 (78)	0
Face-to-face	47 (22)	0.97	[0.53; 1.77]	0.924
Gender
Male	164 (79)	0
Female	43 (21)	0.75	[0.41; 1.35]	0.335
Age
For 1 year	34 [28–41]	0.99	[0.96; 1.02]	0.619
Stable housing
No	81 (39)	0
Yes	127 (61)	0.72	[0.43; 1.22]	0.228
Employment
No	147 (70)	0
Yes	62 (30)	0.76	[0.44; 1.30]	0.319
Duration of opioid use
For 1 year	8 [4–11]	1.01	[0.96; 1.06]	0.614
Duration of buprenorphine use
For 1 year	6 [4–10]	1.02	[0.97; 1.07.]	0.528
Daily buprenorphine dose
For 1 mg	11 [8–16]	1.04	[1.00;
1.09]	0.052	1.05	[1.00; 1.10]	0.043
Daily injection frequency
For 1 injection	3 [2–4]	1.12	[0.98; 1.27]	0.086
Buprenorphine non-prescribed
No	187 (93)	0
Yes	13 (7)	3.98	[1.09; 14.47]	0.036	4.82	[1.30; 17.85]	0.019
Main reason for injecting buprenorphine
To get “high”	27 (15)	0
To avoid withdrawal symptoms or to feel good enough for daily functioning	103 (59)	0.96	[0.44; 2.10]	0.929
For the pleasure of the act	41 (23)	2.23	[1.08; 4.61]	0.030
Other non-opioid drugs used
No	49 (24)	0
Yes	156 (76)	1.03	[0.56; 1.89]	0.934
Alcohol use
No	124 (59)	0
Yes	85 (41)	0.99	[0.60; 1.67]	0.997
Lifetime number of injection-related complications (0–10)
≤ 5 complications	175 (84)	0
> 5 complications	34 (16)	2.29	[1.08; 4.88]	0.031	2.28	[1.05; 4.93]	0.037
Lifetime history of overdose
No	168 (80)	0
Yes	41 (20)	1.26	[0.65; 2.47]	0.493
Self-reported HCV status
No	129 (66)	0
Yes	66 (34)	0.87	[0.50; 1.53]	0.647

Univariate and multivariate ordinal logistic regression models

CI confidence interval, IQR interquartile range, AOR adjusted odds ratio