Table 1.

Performance results of the threefold cross-validation for tumor and kidney segmentation with a standard 3D U-Net model on 120 CT scans from the KiTS19 challenge

Metric	Training	Validation
Tversky loss	0.3672	0.4609
Soft Dice similarity coefficient	0.8776	0.8235
Categorical cross-entropy	− 0.8584	− 0.7899
Dice similarity coefficient: background	–	0.9994
Dice similarity coefficient: kidney	–	0.9319
Dice similarity coefficient: tumor	–	0.6750

Each metric is computed between the provided ground truth and our model prediction and then averaged between the three folds