Table 1: Mutation rates estimated from 4-fold degenerate sites.

Only mutation events with more than 1 descendant have been considered here. Rates are been normalized as typically done in phylogenetics, the normalizing constant being the sum of the rates multiplied by the frequency of the ancestral allele: ∑_a,b q_a,bπ(a), where a, b are nucleotides, q_a,b is the original unnormalized rate from allele a to b, and π(a) is the frequency of a at 4-fold degenerate sites.

	to A	to C	to G	to U
from A		0.039	0.310	0.123
from C	0.140		0.022	3.028
from G	0.747	0.113		2.953
from U	0.056	0.261	0.036