. 2015 Jul 17;23(1):230–239. doi: 10.1093/jamia/ocv100

Table 2:

Summary of knowledge and self-management scores reported in randomized controlled trials included in this systematic review.

Source	Knowledge pretest, mean (SD)		Knowledge posttest, mean (SD)		Self-management pretest, mean (SD)		Self-management posttest, mean (SD)
Source	Game	Control	Game	Control	Game	Control	Game	Control
Rubin et al. (1986) ³³	76.1 (12.8) ^‡	78.4 (14.5)	90.5 (NR) ^§	80.0 (NR)	NR	NR	43.8 (9.3) ^§	37.8 (7.9)
Brown et al. (1997) ³⁴	16.1 (4.5)	16.2 (5.6)	17.2 (4.9)	16.9 (4.4)	4.9 (1.2)	5.0 (±1.1) ^†	5.2 (0.9) ^§	4.7 (1.3)
Homer et al. (2000) ³⁵ (%)	60 ^‡	57	77 ^§	63	/	/	2.07	2.17
Bartholomew et al. (2000) ³⁶	13.7 (4.4) ^‡	14 (4.9) ^†	16.4 (5.9)	15.8 (4.8)	34.6 (±8.1)	35.0 (±8.5)	36.2 (7.9)	33.8 (7.2)
Shegog et al. (2001) ³⁷	18.6 (5.1) ^*^,^‡	15.7 (5.8)	21.1 (5.4) ^§	17.8 (6.3)	/	/	/	/
Huss et al. (2003) ³⁸	15.8 (2.2)	15.8 (2.1)	16.3 (1.5)	16.1 (2.6)	/	/	/	/
Kumar et al. (2004) ³⁹	NR	NR	NR ^‡	NR	NR	NR	78	68
McPherson et al. (2006) ⁴⁰	19 (3.98) ^‡	17.47 (3.81)	22.97 (NR) ^b^,^§	19.02 (NR) ^b	/	/	/	/
Kato et al. (2008) ⁴¹	0.59 (0.2) ^‡	0.60(0.2)	0.66 (0.2) ^a	0.63 (0.2) ^a	NR	NR	62.3 (62.9)	52.5 (37.6)

^a Measurement at the final timepoint. Measurement was carried out at multiple timepoints after baseline.

^b Calculated based on baseline data and mean change.

SD, Standard Deviation; NR, not reported; /, not studied.

*Statistical significance between groups pretest.

^§ Statistical significance between groups posttest.

^‡ Statistical significance within game group pretest vs. posttest.

^† Statistical significance within control group pretest vs. posttest.