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. 2020 Dec;9(6):2440–2459. doi: 10.21037/tlcr-20-1272

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2020 Translational Lung Cancer Research. All rights reserved.

Open Access Statement: This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), which permits the non-commercial replication and distribution of the article with the strict proviso that no changes or edits are made and the original work is properly cited (including links to both the formal publication through the relevant DOI and the license). See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0.

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Effect of GM-CSF on lung inflammatory cytokines in radiated GM-CSF^–/– mice. (A) GM-CSF reduced the levels of profibrotic cytokines in GM-CSF^–/– mice with lung injury after radiation. Cytokine concentration in the serum of radiated mice with different treatments. (B) Relative mRNA levels of inflammatory markers including IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α in the lungs were calculated in different groups (n=6 per group). (C) Relative mRNA levels of EMT-related markers including TGF-β1, MMP-9, epithelial cell markers including Occuludin, E-cadherin, and SFTPC, and mesenchymal cell markers including vimentin, were calculated in different groups (n=6 per group). *, P<0.05; **, P<0.01; ***, P<0.001. GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; EMT, epithelial-mesenchymal transition.