Table 4.

Recognition rate based on CK+.

Study		Bougourzi et al. [26]	Makhmudkhujaev et al. [48]	Ji et al. [49]	Mandal et al. [17]	Proposed algorithm
Method		PCA-fusion	LDDP	ICID	RADAP	LBP + ORB
Validation setting		10-fold	—	—	10-fold	10-fold
Accuracy (%)	SD	—	—	—	95.4	99.2
	SI	95.96	94.5	95.1	84.6	93.2