Table 1.
Comparison of general characteristics, biochemical indices, BMD, and bone metabolism indices among the three groups.
| Male patients | Female patients | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Index | NDR (n = 268) | BDR (n = 60) | PDR (n = 24) | F | P | NDR (n = 198) | BDR (n = 60) | PDR (n = 26) | F | P |
| Age (year) | 62.64 ± 8.44 | 62.02 ± 6.51 | 62.67 ± 8.64 | 0.15 | 0.86 | 63.31 ± 8.06 | 63.77 ± 8.72 | 65.65 ± 9.16 | 0.83 | 0.40 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25.38 ± 3.32 | 25.79 ± 3.04 | 25.44 ± 2.55 | 0.37 | 0.69 | 25.72 ± 3.43 | 24.92 ± 4.06 | 26.12 ± 4.32 | 1.27 | 0.28 |
| Diabetic duration (year) | 10.31 ± 7.53 | 13.52 ± 7.96a | 16.67 ± 6.77a,b | 10.95 | <0.05 | 8.87 ± 7.66 | 13.87 ± 7.86a | 14.82 ± 8.61a,b | 13.96 | <0.05 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 132.53 ± 16.76 | 134.82 ± 15.78 | 140.29 ± 17.50 | 2.64 | 0.07 | 134.60 ± 17.47 | 138.45 ± 18.36 | 136.38 ± 18.12 | 1.12 | 0.33 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 78.35 ± 10.20 | 77.38 ± 12.05 | 80.33 ± 7.64 | 0.70 | 0.50 | 76.57 ± 10.23 | 78.67 ± 10.16 | 76.88 ± 11.69 | 0.95 | 0.39 |
| HbA1c (%) | 8.28 ± 1.96 | 8.39 ± 1.75 | 8.58 ± 1.38 | 0.34 | 0.71 | 8.55 ± 1.87 | 8.78 ± 2.07 | 8.80 ± 1.82 | 0.42 | 0.66 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 8.83 ± 4.20 | 9.13 ± 2.91 | 8.80 ± 3.37 | 0.144 | 0.87 | 8.43 ± 3.30 | 9.05 ± 3.68 | 9.13 ± 3.23 | 2.20 | 0.12 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 4.11 ± 1.10 | 3.95 ± 0.96 | 4.02 ± 0.79 | 0.42 | 0.66 | 4.37 ± 1.01 | 4.37 ± 1.30 | 4.92 ± 1.21 | 2.86 | 0.06 |
| TG (mmol/L) | 1.74 ± 1.24 | 1.65 ± 0.98 | 1.61 ± 1.05 | 0.27 | 0.76 | 1.99 ± 1.33 | 1.85 ± 1.46 | 2.01 ± 1.37 | 0.27 | 0.76 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 2.45 ± 0.85 | 2.51 ± 0.77 | 2.40 ± 0.73 | 1.21 | 0.30 | 2.56 ± 0.83 | 2.66 ± 1.04 | 2.83 ± 1.04 | 1.05 | 0.35 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 0.98 ± 0.24 | 0.87 ± 0.19 | 0.98 ± 0.22 | 1.13 | 0.32 | 1.06 ± 0.33 | 1.14 ± 0.32 | 1.08 ± 0.29 | 1.43 | 0.24 |
| UA (umol/L) | 340.59 ± 86.70 | 343.40 ± 100.82 | 355.18 ± 64.64 | 0.29 | 0.75 | 317.55 ± 85.70 | 317.58 ± 91.12 | 336.29 ± 103.78 | 0.49 | 0.61 |
| eGFR (ml/min/1.732) | 91.28 ± 18.02 | 89.46 ± 18.89 | 87.50 ± 20.51 | 0.61 | 0.54 | 90.755 ± 17.96 | 89.35 ± 21.10 | 82.01 ± 24.62 | 2.32 | 0.10 |
| UACR | 28.12 ± 50.91 | 88.43 ± 80.85a | 101.00 ± 73.01a,b | 7.18 | <0.05 | 58.32 ± 18.39 | 252.86 ± 30.14a | 308.02 ± 86.98a,b | 6.35 | <0.05 |
| PTH | 36.68 ± 14.15 | 38.57 ± 14.66 | 35.77 ± 11.93 | 0.50 | 0.61 | 37.91 ± 14.34 | 39.96 ± 15.20 | 37.23 ± 16.73 | 0.50 | 0.61 |
| Lumbar–BMD (g/cm2) | 0.99 ± 0.16 | 0.98 ± 0.14 | 0.97 ± 0.15 | 0.11 | 0.90 | 0.87 ± 0.17 | 0.86 ± 0.14 | 0.82 ± 0.20 | 0.92 | 0.40 |
| Hip-BMD (g/cm2) | 0.74 ± 0.11 | 0.76 ± 0.14 | 0.77 ± 0.10 | 1.18 | 0.31 | 0.65 ± 0.12 | 0.66 ± 0.12 | 0.63 ± 0.17 | 0.76 | 0.47 |
| OC (ng/ml) | 11.35 ± 4.81 | 11.24 ± 4.87 | 10.88 ± 6.73 | 0.10 | 0.90 | 13.96 ± 5.52 | 13.78 ± 6.08 | 15.37 ± 8.83 | 0.69 | 0.51 |
| β-CTX (ng/ml) | 0.37 ± 0.25 | 0.33 ± 0.20a | 0.26 ± 0.12a,b | 3.50 | <0.05 | 0.47 ± 0.61 | 0.51 ± 0.78 | 0.47 ± 0.34 | 0.06 | 0.94 |
| P1NP (ng/ml) | 34.70 ± 14.36 | 34.89 ± 13.18 | 32.68 ± 15.75 | 0.24 | 0.79 | 44.21 ± 19.27 | 48.18 ± 23.05a | 57.34 ± 31.57a,b | 3.44 | <0.05 |
| 25(OH)D (ng/ml) | 17.37 ± 7.43 | 15.57 ± 6.22a | 12.59 ± 6.37a,b | 4.93 | <0.05 | 14.69 ± 5.69 | 13.35 ± 5.11a | 11.27 ± 5.05a,b | 4.30 | <0.05 |
Note: aP < 0.05 compared with the NDR group; bP < 0.05 compared with the BDR group. Abbreviations: β-CTX: beta C-terminal telopeptide; BMD: bone mineral density; BMI: body mass index; Ca: calcium; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; eGFR: glomerular filtration rate; FBG: fasting blood glucose; HbA1c: glycosylated hemoglobin; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; OC: osteocalcin; 25(OH)D: 25-hydroxyvitamin D; P1NP: procollagen 1 intact N-terminal; PTH: parathyroid hormone; SBP: systolic blood pressure; TC: total cholesterol; TG: triglyceride; UA: uric acid; UACR: urinary albumin to creatinine ratios.