Preparation of renal fibrosis model, detection of renal function and characteristics. (A) (B) Macroscopic appearance of normal and fibrotic kidneys after blood removal. Representative photographs of haematoxylin and eosin staining (HE), Masson, AB-PAS staining results in NK and FK group. The brownish-yellow granules were crystallized adenine and deposited in renal tubules. (C) (D) BUN and Cr test results. The levels of serum BUN and Cr of the fibrotic group were much higher than the normal group. **, P<0.01; ****, P<0.0001. (E) The content of collagen volume fraction (CVF) in NK and FK. (F) the areal density of AB-PAS staining. (G) (I) the immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical micrograph of collagen Ⅳ and α-SMA. G1-G2: collagen Ⅳ, NK; G3-G4: collagen Ⅳ, FK. I1-I3: α-SMA, NK; I4-I6: α-SMA, FK. Especially, I2 and I5 were in cortex and I3, I6 was in the medulla. (H) (J) the positive area contents of collagen Ⅳ and α-SMA. NK: Normal kidneys; FK: Fibrotic kidneys.