Table 1.
Baseline characteristics
| Parameter | Overall cohort | Complete switch cohort | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAI (n = 1132) | Oral (n = 1518) | LAI (n = 533) | Oral (n = 230) | |
| Age, years, mean (SD) | 42.3 (14.5) | 46.9 (14.2) | 44.1 (15.0) | 47.3 (15.6) |
| Age group, n (%) | ||||
| 18–24 | 102 (9.0) | 49 (3.2) | 40 (7.5) | 14 (6.1) |
| 25–34 | 324 (28.6) | 293 (19.3) | 139 (26.1) | 40 (17.4) |
| 35–44 | 227 (20.1) | 331 (21.8) | 97 (18.2) | 42 (18.3) |
| 45–54 | 232 (20.5) | 412 (27.1) | 117 (21.9) | 63 (27.4) |
| 55–64 | 161 (14.2) | 259 (17.1) | 85 (16.0) | 37 (16.1) |
| ≥ 65 | 86 (7.6) | 174 (11.5) | 55 (10.3) | 34 (14.8) |
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Male | 634 (56.0) | 780 (51.4) | 291 (54.6) | 118 (51.3) |
| Female | 498 (44.0) | 738 (48.6) | 242 (45.4) | 112 (48.7) |
| Index year, n (%) | ||||
| 2012 | 254 (22.4) | 586 (38.6) | 127 (23.8) | 96 (41.7) |
| 2013 | 212 (18.7) | 359 (23.6) | 92 (17.3) | 50 (21.7) |
| 2014 | 245 (21.6) | 250 (16.5) | 115 (21.6) | 38 (16.5) |
| 2015 | 212 (18.7) | 167 (11.0) | 95 (17.8) | 23 (10.0) |
| 2016 | 209 (18.5) | 156 (10.3) | 104 (19.5) | 23 (10.0) |
| Insurance status, n (%) | ||||
| No compulsory insurance | 4 (0.4) | 9 (0.6) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) |
| Compulsory insurance | 242 (21.4) | 432 (28.5) | 117 (22.0) | 73 (31.7) |
| Voluntary insurance | 104 (9.2) | 136 (9.0) | 40 (7.5) | 18 (7.8) |
| Unemployed person | 192 (17.0) | 110 (7.2) | 96 (18.0) | 24 (10.4) |
| Pension claimant | 8 (0.7) | 4 (0.3) | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) |
| Retired | 398 (35.2) | 610 (40.2) | 199 (37.3) | 75 (32.6) |
| Special group of persons | 13 (1.1) | 18 (1.2) | 5 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) |
| Family member | 106 (9.4) | 132 (8.7) | 48 (9.0) | 24 (10.4) |
| Unknown | 65 (5.7) | 67 (4.4) | 24 (4.5) | 12 (5.2) |
| CCI, mean (SD) | 0.6 (1.1) | 0.9 (1.4) | 0.6 (1.2) | 1.0 (1.6) |
| Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
| MI | 7 (0.6) | 14 (0.9) | 4 (0.8) | 8 (3.5) |
| CHF | 34 (3.0) | 51 (3.4) | 20 (3.8) | 13 (5.7) |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 19 (1.7) | 56 (3.7) | 9 (1.7) | 11 (4.8) |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 32 (2.8) | 62 (4.1) | 14 (2.6) | 9 (3.9) |
| Dementia | 8 (0.7) | 6 (0.4) | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.9) |
| Chronic pulmonary disease | 184 (16.3) | 295 (19.4) | 83 (15.6) | 47 (20.4) |
| Rheumatic disease | 15 (1.3) | 20 (1.3) | 6 (1.1) | 2 (0.9) |
| Peptic ulcer disease | 12 (1.1) | 18 (1.2) | 7 (1.3) | 5 (2.2) |
| Mild liver disease | 88 (7.8) | 164 (10.8) | 35 (6.6) | 24 (10.4) |
| Diabetes without chronic complication | 105 (9.3) | 223 (14.7) | 50 (9.4) | 44 (19.1) |
| Hemiplegia or paraplegia | 6 (0.5) | 16 (1.1) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) |
| Renal disease | 28 (2.5) | 65 (4.3) | 13 (2.4) | 11 (4.8) |
| Diabetes with chronic complication | 29 (2.6) | 76 (5.0) | 18 (3.4) | 14 (6.1) |
| Tumor | 22 (1.9) | 61 (4.0) | 14 (2.6) | 14 (6.1) |
| Leukemia | 1 (0.1) | 4 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Lymphoma | 3 (0.3) | 3 (0.2) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Moderate or severe liver disease | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) |
| Metastatic solid tumor | 1 (0.1) | 5 (0.3) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) |
| AIDS/HIV | 2 (0.2) | 2 (0.1) | 1 (0.2) | 0 (0.0) |
| Use of alcohol | 206 (18.2) | 165 (10.9) | 92 (17.3) | 30 (13.0) |
| Use of opioids | 32 (2.8) | 25 (1.6) | 15 (2.8) | 8 (3.5) |
| Use of cannabinoids | 211 (18.6) | 92 (6.1) | 102 (19.1) | 20 (8.7) |
| Use of sedatives or hypnotics | 56 (4.9) | 58 (3.8) | 18 (3.4) | 7 (3.0) |
| Use of cocaine | 22 (1.9) | 9 (0.6) | 9 (1.7) | 3 (1.3) |
| Use of other stimulants, including caffeine | 84 (7.4) | 27 (1.8) | 38 (7.1) | 10 (4.3) |
| Use of hallucinogens | 7 (0.6) | 5 (0.3) | 5 (0.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Use of tobacco | 269 (23.8) | 320 (21.1) | 124 (23.3) | 46 (20.0) |
| Use of volatile solvents | 1 (0.1) | 1 (0.1) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| Multiple drug use and use of other psychoactive substances | 188 (16.6) | 108 (7.1) | 78 (14.6) | 18 (7.8) |
ADHD attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, AIDS acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, CCI Charlson Comorbidity Index, CHF congestive heart failure, HIV human immunodeficiency virus, LAI long-acting injectable antipsychotic, MI myocardial infarction, SD standard deviation