Table 2.
Medication characteristics and changes from pre-index to post-index period
| Parameter | Overall cohort | Complete switch cohort | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LAI ( n = 1,132) | Oral ( n = 1,518) | LAI ( n = 533) | Oral ( n = 230) | |
| Number of days between first and second prescription among patients with second prescription, mean (SD) | 53.6 (60.8) | 63.7 (70.5) | 58.7 (67.8) | 46.2 (37.9) |
| Number of injections of initial agent, mean (SD) | ||||
| During post-index period | 12.8 (10.6) | – | 12.4 (9.5) | – |
| During post-index period until switch to other LAI | 12.7 (10.6) | – | 12.4 (9.5) | – |
| Number of injections of initial agent during post-index period until switch to other LAI, n (%) | ||||
| 1 | 92 (8.1) | – | 38 (7.1) | – |
| 2 | 56 (4.9) | – | 26 (4.9) | – |
| 3 | 43 (3.8) | – | 17 (3.2) | – |
| 4–6 | 209 (18.5) | – | 106 (19.9) | – |
| 7–10 | 150 (13.3) | – | 84 (15.8) | – |
| 11–20 | 389 (34.4) | – | 175 (32.8) | – |
| 21+ | 193 (17.0) | – | 87 (16.3) | – |
| Number of prescriptions of initial agent, mean (SD) | ||||
| During post-index period | 5.6 (4.5) | 4.0 (3.3) | 5.5 (4.5) | 5.0 (3.3) |
| During post-index period until switch to other LAI | 5.6 (4.5) | 4.0 (3.3) | 5.5 (4.5) | 5.0 (3.3) |
| Number of prescriptions of initial agent during post-index period until switch to other LAI, n (%) | ||||
| 1 | 247 (21.8) | 516 (34.0) | 115 (21.6) | 49 (21.3) |
| 2 | 133 (11.7) | 205 (13.5) | 67 (12.6) | 21 (9.1) |
| 3 | 104 (9.2) | 119 (7.8) | 53 (9.9) | 17 (7.4) |
| 4–6 | 279 (24.7) | 344 (22.7) | 126 (23.6) | 75 (32.6) |
| 7–10 | 169 (14.9) | 272 (17.9) | 83 (15.6) | 57 (24.8) |
| 11–20 | 193 (17.0) | 60 (4.0) | 87 (16.3) | 10 (4.3) |
| 21+ | 7 (0.6) | 2 (0.1) | 2 (0.4) | 1 (0.4) |
| Number of patients with at least one prescription during pre-index period, n (%) | 809 (71.5) | 1518 (100.0) | 278 (52.2) | 230 (100.0) |
| Last prescribed agent during pre-index period, n (%) | ||||
| Levomepromazine | 12 (1.1) | 14 (0.9) | 4 (0.8) | 3 (1.3) |
| Fluphenazine | 6 (0.5) | 17 (1.1) | 2 (0.4) | 5 (2.2) |
| Perphenazine | 4 (0.4) | 8 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) | 4 (1.7) |
| Perazine | 15 (1.3) | 30 (2.0) | 3 (0.6) | 8 (3.5) |
| Haloperidol | 36 (3.2) | 44 (2.9) | 12 (2.3) | 12 (5.2) |
| Melperone | 13 (1.1) | 17 (1.1) | 5 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) |
| Pipamperone | 33 (2.9) | 30 (2.0) | 9 (1.7) | 6 (2.6) |
| Benperidol | 4 (0.4) | 15 (1.0) | 1 (0.2) | 1 (0.4) |
| Ziprasidone | 9 (0.8) | 56 (3.7) | 4 (0.8) | 7 (3.0) |
| Flupentixol | 20 (1.8) | 45 (3.0) | 8 (1.5) | 6 (2.6) |
| Chlorprothixene | 28 (2.5) | 31 (2.0) | 5 (0.9) | 4 (1.7) |
| Pimozide | 1 (0.1) | 9 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (1.7) |
| Clozapine | 42 (3.7) | 199 (13.1) | 11 (2.1) | 10 (4.3) |
| Olanzapine | 79 (7.0) | 212 (14.0) | 29 (5.4) | 29 (12.6) |
| Quetiapine | 120 (10.6) | 237 (15.6) | 40 (7.5) | 35 (15.2) |
| Sulpiride | 4 (0.4) | 14 (0.9) | 3 (0.6) | 4 (1.7) |
| Amisulpride | 53 (4.7) | 151 (9.9) | 23 (4.3) | 18 (7.8) |
| Lithium | 11 (1.0) | 30 (2.0) | 2 (0.4) | 6 (2.6) |
| Prothipendyl | 11 (1.0) | 17 (1.1) | 3 (0.6) | 1 (0.4) |
| Risperidone | 213 (18.8) | 209 (13.8) | 72 (13.5) | 47 (20.4) |
| Aripiprazole | 84 (7.4) | 113 (7.4) | 36 (6.8) | 13 (5.7) |
| Agents used during pre-index period, n (%) | ||||
| Levomepromazine | 31 (2.7) | 46 (3.0) | 6 (1.1) | 6 (2.6) |
| Fluphenazine | 12 (1.1) | 26 (1.7) | 2 (0.4) | 5 (2.2) |
| Perphenazine | 6 (0.5) | 14 (0.9) | 3 (0.6) | 4 (1.7) |
| Perazine | 34 (3.0) | 58 (3.8) | 5 (0.9) | 12 (5.2) |
| Thioridazine | 1 (0.1) | 9 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.3) |
| Haloperidol | 74 (6.5) | 76 (5.0) | 21 (3.9) | 16 (7.0) |
| Melperone | 40 (3.5) | 45 (3.0) | 14 (2.6) | 3 (1.3) |
| Pipamperone | 79 (7.0) | 62 (4.1) | 23 (4.3) | 9 (3.9) |
| Benperidol | 12 (1.1) | 21 (1.4) | 3 (0.6) | 3 (1.3) |
| Ziprasidone | 29 (2.6) | 75 (4.9) | 9 (1.7) | 7 (3.0) |
| Flupentixol | 51 (4.5) | 72 (4.7) | 17 (3.2) | 12 (5.2) |
| Chlorprothixene | 73 (6.4) | 79 (5.2) | 15 (2.8) | 7 (3.0) |
| Zuclopenthixol | 24 (2.1) | 14 (0.9) | 6 (1.1) | 1 (0.4) |
| Pimozide | 3 (0.3) | 11 (0.7) | 2 (0.4) | 5 (2.2) |
| Clozapine | 72 (6.4) | 236 (15.5) | 14 (2.6) | 13 (5.7) |
| Olanzapine | 181 (16.0) | 287 (18.9) | 51 (9.6) | 30 (13.0) |
| Quetiapine | 249 (22.0) | 341 (22.5) | 58 (10.9) | 42 (18.3) |
| Sulpiride | 7 (0.6) | 23 (1.5) | 3 (0.6) | 5 (2.2) |
| Amisulpride | 99 (8.7) | 223 (14.7) | 37 (6.9) | 25 (10.9) |
| Lithium | 26 (2.3) | 56 (3.7) | 2 (0.4) | 6 (2.6) |
| Prothipendyl | 30 (2.7) | 47 (3.1) | 4 (0.8) | 3 (1.3) |
| Risperidone | 304 (26.9) | 281 (18.5) | 98 (18.4) | 58 (25.2) |
| Aripiprazole | 178 (15.7) | 183 (12.1) | 53 (9.9) | 19 (8.3) |
| Agents used during post-index period, n (%) | ||||
| Levomepromazine | 40 (3.5) | 102 (6.7) | 9 (1.7) | 8 (3.5) |
| Fluphenazine | 47 (4.2) | 17 (1.1) | 20 (3.8) | 0 (0.0) |
| Perazine | 44 (3.9) | 104 (6.9) | 8 (1.5) | 13 (5.7) |
| Haloperidol | 138 (12.2) | 148 (9.7) | 49 (9.2) | 18 (7.8) |
| Melperone | 53 (4.7) | 186 (12.3) | 16 (3.0) | 10 (4.3) |
| Pipamperone | 99 (8.7) | 264 (17.4) | 15 (2.8) | 17 (7.4) |
| Benperidol | 16 (1.4) | 26 (1.7) | 0 (0.0) | 3 (1.3) |
| Ziprasidone | 23 (2.0) | 106 (7.0) | 4 (0.8) | 10 (4.3) |
| Flupentixol | 155 (13.7) | 110 (7.2) | 60 (11.3) | 7 (3.0) |
| Chlorprothixene | 103 (9.1) | 196 (12.9) | 21 (3.9) | 11 (4.8) |
| Zuclopenthixol | 52 (4.6) | 22 (1.4) | 18 (3.4) | 1 (0.4) |
| Fluspirilene | 105 (9.3) | 0 (0.0) | 59 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Clozapine | 78 (6.9) | 255 (16.8) | 15 (2.8) | 14 (6.1) |
| Olanzapine | 195 (17.2) | 396 (26.1) | 59 (11.1) | 51 (22.2) |
| Quetiapine | 255 (22.5) | 555 (36.6) | 49 (9.2) | 74 (32.2) |
| Sulpiride | 9 (0.8) | 22 (1.4) | 3 (0.6) | 2 (0.9) |
| Tiapride | 5 (0.4) | 15 (1.0) | 2 (0.4) | 2 (0.9) |
| Amisulpride | 58 (5.1) | 311 (20.5) | 10 (1.9) | 38 (16.5) |
| Lithium | 36 (3.2) | 69 (4.5) | 4 (0.8) | 8 (3.5) |
| Prothipendyl | 50 (4.4) | 161 (10.6) | 10 (1.9) | 13 (5.7) |
| Risperidone | 417 (36.8) | 412 (27.1) | 154 (28.9) | 48 (20.9) |
| Aripiprazole | 255 (22.5) | 438 (28.9) | 103 (19.3) | 51 (22.2) |
| Paliperidone | 413 (36.5) | 0 (0.0) | 189 (35.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| LAI used during post-index period, n (%) | ||||
| Fluphenazine | 42 (3.7) | 0 (0.0) | 18 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) |
| Haloperidol | 85 (7.5) | 0 (0.0) | 40 (7.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Flupentixol | 129 (11.4) | 0 (0.0) | 53 (9.9) | 0 (0.0) |
| Zuclopenthixol | 30 (2.7) | 0 (0.0) | 14 (2.6) | 0 (0.0) |
| Fluspirilene | 105 (9.3) | 0 (0.0) | 59 (11.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Olanzapine | 39 (3.4) | 0 (0.0) | 27 (5.1) | 0 (0.0) |
| Risperidone | 280 (24.7) | 1 (0.1) | 125 (23.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Aripiprazole | 124 (11.0) | 0 (0.0) | 56 (10.5) | 0 (0.0) |
| Paliperidone | 413 (36.5) | 0 (0.0) | 189 (35.5) | 0 (0.0) |
Medications that were used < 1% in any group were not added in the table but are listed here as per the parameter. In last prescribed agent during pre-index period—thioridazine, bromperidol, sertindole, zuclopenthixol, fluspirilene, asenapine, tiapride, zotepine, and paliperidone; in agents used during pre-index period—bromperidol, sertindole, fluspirilene, asenapine, tiapride, zotepine, and paliperidone; in agents used during post-index period—perphenazine, thioridazine, bromperidol, sertindole, pimozide, asenapine, and zotepine; and in LAI during post-index period—perphenazine
LAI long-acting injectable antipsychotic, SD standard deviation