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. 2021 Jan 19;4:89. doi: 10.1038/s42003-020-01576-y

Fig. 6. In vivo microCT evaluation of femoral defect healing induced by engineered hMSC condensation tubes and sheets.

Fig. 6

Longitudinal morphometric analysis of a bone volume and b bone volume accumulation rate at weeks 4, 8, and 12 in defects implanted with hMSC tubes or sheets containing TGF-β1 + BMP-2-loaded microparticles. Analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test (p < 0.05 or lower considered significant). c Longitudinal determination of defect bridging, defined as mineral fully traversing the defect (n = 4 (tubes) or 3 (sheets) biologically independent samples per group; blue lines/circles = hMSC tubes; cyan lines/squares = hMSC sheets). Significance of trend analyzed by chi-square test (**p < 0.01). d Representative 3-D microCT defect reconstructions selected based on mean bone volume. Scale bar, 5 mm. Individual data points are shown with mean ± SD.