Fig. 9. Anticancer activity and improved tumor immune microenvironment of a combination of anti-PD-1 antibody and Met@Man-MPs in AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice.

a Schematic schedule for anticancer experiment in AOM/DSS-induced CAC mice. b Numbers of tumors with size>3 mm and <3 mm in CAC mice after treatment with PBS, Man-MPs, Met@Man-MPs, anti-PD-1 antibody, a combination of Man-MPs and anti-PD-1 antibody, or combination of Met@Man-MPs and anti-PD-1 antibody at the anti-PD-1 antibody dosage of 100 µg per mouse and Met dosage of 10 mg kg⁻¹ indicated in (a). Data are presented as mean ± s.d. (n = 5 mice per group; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test). c–j Percentages of M1-like TAMs (c), M2-like TAMs (d), CD8⁺ T cells (e), CD8⁺CD69⁺ T cells (f), CD4⁺ T cells (g), CD4⁺CD69⁺ T cells (h), MDSCs (i) and Tregs (j) in colon tumors of CAC mice after treatment with PBS, Man-MPs, Met@Man-MPs, anti-PD-1 antibody, a combination of Man-MPs and anti-PD-1 antibody, or combination of Met@Man-MPs and anti-PD-1 antibody at the anti-PD-1 antibody dosage of 100 µg per mouse and Met dosage of 10 mg kg⁻¹ indicated in (a). Data are presented as mean ±  s.d. (n = 5 mice per group; one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test). Source data are provided as a Source Data file.