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. 2021 Jan 19;12:455. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20708-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 4 — Geometry of the unit cell (a), angle θ_rad of the leaky-wave radiation for the loaded transmission line (b), phase shift (β·p) and insertion loss (dB) ( $α \cdot p \cdot 20 \log {(10)}^{- 1}$ ) in the microstrip leaky-wave transmission line per unit cell (c, d–f). The length of the slot is varied from 3 cm to 12.4 cm. In cases c, e, the transmission line is placed on a phantom while cases d, f represent the free space environment of the transmission line. The bold curves are for the LWA with an optimal length of 12.4 cm.