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. 2021 Jan 19;12:458. doi: 10.1038/s41467-020-20730-y

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 2 — a Two visibility graphs are compared based on the spectrum (i.e., distribution of eigenvalues) λ of the Laplacian L obtained from the unweighted adjacency matrices A. The Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistic is used to quantify the difference between the distributions of two spectra. b–d Clustering dendrogram obtained by the procedure for a set of synthetic, simple triangular, circular, and rectangular shapes with b the same number of nodes, c variable number of nodes between the network representations of the shapes, and d variable number of nodes which were reduced using modularity clustering to have the same number of nodes. Source data are provided as a Source Data file.