Table 6.
Factors associated with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) scale in patients with glaucoma.
| Variables | Univariate model | multivariate model | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odds ratio, 95% CI | P value | Odds ratio, 95% CI | P value | |
| Age, y | 1.02, 0.99–1.05 | 0.118 | ||
| Sex, male/female | 1.46, 0.72–2.96 | 0.289 | ||
| Hypertension, n (%) | 1.10, 0.47–2.58 | 0.822 | ||
| Diabetics, n (%) | 1.34, 0.27–6.53 | 0.721 | ||
| CCT, µm | 0.99, 0.98–1.00 | 0.110 | ||
| Axial length, mm | 1.02, 0.84–1.23 | 0.847 | ||
| PPA/Disc area, per 1 µm larger (%) | 0.71, 0.32–1.57 | 0.379 | ||
| Tilt ratio | 0.42, 0.07–2.47 | 0.337 | ||
| Torsion ratio | 1.01, 0.98–1.05 | 0.502 | ||
| VF MD, dB | 0.91, 0.86–0.96 | < 0.001 | 0.91, 0.86–0.97 | 0.003 |
| VF PSD, dB | 1.09, 1.00–1.19 | 0.051 | ||
| VF MD progression rate, dB/year | 1.32, 0.54–3.22 | 0.536 | ||
| RNFL thickness loss rate, µm/year | 1.30, 0.97–1.73 | 0.079 | ||
| Follow-up duration (month) | 0.99, 0.98–1.01 | 0.849 | ||
| Mean IOP | 1.00, 0.89–1.12 | 0.993 | ||
| Peak IOP | 1.00, 0.92–1.09 | 0.960 | ||
| IOP fluctuation | 1.02, 0.93–1.13 | 0.674 | ||
| Mean blood pressure | 0.94, 0.92–1.01 | 0.103 | ||
| Disc hemorrhage | 0.47, 0.06–3.71 | 0.471 | ||
| Heart rate variability | 1.02, 1.01–1.04 | 0.001 | 1.02, 1.01–1.04 | 0.006 |
CI, confidence interval; CCT, central corneal thickness; PPA, peripapillary atrophy; VF, visual field; MD, mean deviation; PSD, pattern standard deviation; RNFL, retinal nerve fiber layer; IOP, intraocular pressure.
Variables with p < 0.05 were included in the multivariate analysis.
Statistically significant values appear in boldface.
Continuous data are mean ± mean standard deviation unless otherwise indicated.