. 2021 Jan 20;21:49. doi: 10.1186/s12888-021-03052-1

Table 2.

Relationship of temperament and character items between alcohol toxicity and normal population

		Number	Mean	Std. Deviation	P value**	P value***
Novelty seeking	Normal population	255	8.21	3.34	< 0.001	< 0.001
Novelty seeking	Alcohol toxicity	135	10.27	2.06	< 0.001	< 0.001
Harm Avoidant	Normal population	255	7.86	4.60	0.002	0.203
Harm Avoidant	Alcohol toxicity	135	8.93	2.31	0.002	0.203
Reward Dependent	Normal population	255	8.38	2.43	< 0.001	< 0.001
Reward Dependent	Alcohol toxicity	135	6.65	1.77	< 0.001	< 0.001
Persistence	Normal population	255	3.18	1.42	0.718	0.448
Persistence	Alcohol toxicity	135	3.22	1.05	0.718	0.448
Cooperativeness	Normal population	255	17.68	3.84	< 0.001	< 0.001
Cooperativeness	Alcohol toxicity	135	11.59	2.76	< 0.001	< 0.001
Self-directedness	Normal population	255	14.64	5.19	< 0.001	< 0.001
Self-directedness	Alcohol toxicity	135	8.21	3.43	< 0.001	< 0.001
Self-transcendent	Normal population	255	9.16	3.17	< 0.001	< 0.001
Self-transcendent	Alcohol toxicity	135	10.75	2.78	< 0.001	< 0.001

** Based on independent t-test

*** Analysis of covariance adjusted by gender, age, level of education, marital status, economic status