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. 2020 Oct 3;31(1):e02224. doi: 10.1002/eap.2224

Table 1.

Parameter estimates for the linear mixed‐effects (LME) models.

Response variable and effect Apo Sumilon
Estimate SE df t P Estimate SE df t P
Generalist large predators
Intercept 0.383 0.153 222 2.506 0.013 0.459 0.14 238 3.273 0.001
Status −0.030 0.273 222 −0.111 0.912 0.308 0.136 238 2.266 0.024
Time −0.008 0.008 222 −1.061 0.290 0.02 0.008 238 2.318 0.021
Status × Time 0.025 0.012 222 2.199 0.029 0.029 0.011 238 2.614 0.01
HC 0.016 0.002 222 8.134 <0.001 −0.004 0.003 238 −1.036 0.301
Piscivores
Intercept 0.254 0.143 222 1.468 0.144 0.484 0.109 238 4.447 <0.001
Status 0.016 0.301 222 0.054 0.957 0.271 0.111 238 2.435 0.016
Time 0.004 0.009 222 0.049 0.621 0.032 0.007 238 4.529 <0.001
Status × Time 0.017 0.013 222 1.346 0.179 0.013 0.009 238 1.446 0.15
HC 0.009 0.002 222 4.518 <0.001 −0.001 0.002 238 −0.231 0.818
Large benthic foragers
Intercept 0.417 0.092 222 4.513 <0.001 0.669 0.036 238 18.762 <0.001
Status 0.414 0.169 222 2.453 0.015 −0.092 0.039 238 −2.375 0.018
Time 0.004 0.004 222 0.917 0.36 −0.002 0.002 238 −0.637 0.525
Status × Time −0.013 0.007 222 −1.747 0.082 0.004 0.003 238 1.238 0.217
HC −0.006 0.001 222 −4.956 <0.001 −0.0001 0.001 238 −0.133 0.895
Croppers
Intercept 0.569 0.057 222 10.032 <0.001 0.473 0.046 238 10.275 <0.001
Status 0.169 0.105 222 1.621 0.106 0.15 0.05 238 3.002 0.003
Time 0.002 0.003 222 0.782 0.435 −0.002 0.003 238 −0.766 0.444
Status × Time −0.007 0.004 222 −1.674 0.096 0.006 0.004 238 1.511 0.132
HC −0.001 0.001 222 −1.305 0.193 −0.003 0.001 238 −2.294 0.023
Detritivores
Intercept 6.132 0.285 222 21.539 <0.001 0.964 0.222 238 4.343 <0.001
Status −3.848 0.514 222 −7.488 <0.001 1.451 0.24 238 6.046 <0.001
Time −0.113 0.015 222 −7.57 <0.001 0.058 0.015 238 3.835 <0.001
Status × Time 0.105 0.022 222 4.845 <0.001 −0.101 0.02 238 −5.112 <0.001
HC −0.017 0.003 222 −4.505 <0.001 −0.004 0.006 238 −0.693 0.489
Excavators
Intercept 1.097 0.088 222 12.45 <0.001 1.332 0.111 238 12.021 <0.001
Status 0.666 0.161 222 4.147 <0.001 0.739 0.12 238 6.171 <0.001
Time 0.013 0.005 222 2.733 0.007 0.009 0.007 238 1.167 0.244
Status × Time −0.021 0.007 222 −3.074 0.002 −0.031 0.01 238 −3.163 0.002
HC −0.008 0.001 222 −6.792 <0.001 −0.008 0.003 238 −2.773 0.006
Scrapers
Intercept 1.132 0.085 222 13.276 <0.001 1.296 0.066 238 19.497 <0.001
Status 0.549 0.157 222 3.499 0.001 0.266 0.072 238 3.698 <0.001
Time 0.015 0.005 222 3.281 0.001 −0.005 0.004 238 −0.997 0.32
Status × Time −0.024 0.007 222 −3.649 <0.001 −0.01 0.005 238 −1.711 0.088
HC −0.005 0.001 222 −4.445 <0.001 −0.001 0.002 238 −0.481 0.631
Sand feeders
Intercept 0.606 0.125 222 4.857 <0.001 0.872 0.084 238 10.388 <0.001
Status −0.058 0.229 222 −0.252 0.801 −0.287 0.089 238 −3.229 0.001
Time 0.010 0.007 222 1.442 0.151 0.016 0.006 238 2.813 0.005
Status × Time 0.006 0.01 222 0.611 0.542 −0.028 0.007 238 −3.89 <0.001
HC −0.010 0.002 222 −6.195 <0.001 −0.003 0.002 238 −1.434 0.153
Small benthic foragers
Intercept 0.338 0.024 222 14.065 <0.001 0.784 0.027 238 29.298 <0.001
Status −0.061 0.043 222 −1.399 0.163 −0.279 0.028 238 −9.938 <0.001
Time −0.005 0.001 222 −3.939 <0.001 −0.013 0.002 238 −7.503 <0.001
Status × Time 0.004 0.001 222 2.309 0.022 0.009 0.002 238 3.804 <0.001
HC 0.0001 0.0003 222 0.336 0.738 −0.001 0.001 238 −1.549 0.123
Obligate corallivores
Intercept 0.047 0.031 222 1.504 0.134 0.328 0.023 238 14.186 <0.001
Status −0.168 0.057 222 −2.943 0.004 −0.098 0.022 238 −4.466 <0.001
Time 0.006 0.002 222 3.605 <0.001 −0.005 0.001 238 −3.805 <0.001
Status × Time 0.002 0.002 222 0.817 0.415 0.01 0.001 238 4.878 <0.001
HC 0.003 0.0004 222 6.358 <0.001 0.001 0.001 238 1.415 0.159
Omnivorous pomacentrids
Intercept 0.930 0.031 222 29.92 <0.001 1.135 0.057 238 19.999 <0.001
Status 0.113 0.056 222 2.018 0.045 −0.313 0.061 238 −5.094 <0.001
Time −0.003 0.001 222 −1.783 0.076 −0.02 0.004 238 −5.146 <0.001
Status × Time −0.009 0.002 222 −3.927 <0.001 0.015 0.005 238 2.985 0.003
HC −0.001 0.0004 222 −1.425 0.156 0.006 0.001 238 4.114 <0.001
Large planktivores
Intercept 3.267 0.296 222 11.022 <0.001 4.712 0.315 238 14.946 <0.001
Status −0.276 0.485 222 −0.57 0.569 −0.756 0.324 238 −2.333 0.021
Time −0.067 0.014 222 −4.795 <0.001 −0.074 0.02 238 −3.651 <0.001
Status × Time 0.076 0.021 222 3.709 <0.001 0.086 0.027 238 3.217 0.002
HC 0.015 0.004 222 4.307 <0.001 −0.002 0.008 238 −0.273 0.785
Small planktivores
Intercept 1.453 0.082 222 17.742 <0.001 1.187 0.059 238 20.282 <0.001
Status 0.19 0.15 222 1.262 0.208 0.727 0.063 238 11.606 <0.001
Time −0.014 0.004 222 −3.157 0.002 −0.009 0.004 238 −2.209 0.028
Status × Time −0.004 0.006 222 −0.638 0.524 −0.019 0.005 238 −3.726 <0.001
HC 0.009 0.001 222 8.635 <0.001 0.001 0.002 238 0.804 0.422
Total biomass
Intercept 5.117 0.222 222 23.013 <0.001 5.804 0.267 238 21.737 <0.001
Status −0.382 0.362 222 −1.057 0.292 −0.009 0.272 238 −0.035 0.972
Time −0.061 0.011 222 −5.784 <0.001 −0.048 0.017 238 −2.801 0.006
Status × Time 0.065 0.015 222 4.222 <0.001 0.049 0.022 238 2.209 0.028
HC 0.013 0.003 222 4.84 <0.001 −0.006 0.007 238 −0.819 0.414
Hard coral
Intercept 0.978 0.467 223 2.087 0.038 20.677 2.078 239 9.95 <0.001
Status 0.942 0.646 223 13.838 <0.001 11.566 2.421 239 4.778 <0.001
Time 0.219 0.021 223 10.536 <0.001 −0.413 0.157 239 −2.635 0.009
Status × Time −0.377 0.029 223 −13.15 <0.001 0.47 0.206 239 2.284 0.023

Shown are effect size estimates, standard errors, degrees of freedom (df), t values, and associated P values for predictors of biomass of each individual trophic group, total biomass, and hard coral cover at Apo and Sumilon Islands. Status effects are relative to fished areas. P values in boldface type are significant at the 0.05 level.