Table 1.

Geriatrics perioperative models of care that are currently being developed or implemented

INPATIENT MODELS OF CARE
Models of perioperative care	Setting	Referral process for geriatrician input	Leadership	Team members
Traditional reactive model	Inpatient surgical ward	Review on request	Surgeon	Surgeon-led multidisciplinary nursing and allied health team +/− other specialist reviews as requested
Geriatrician on the ward	Inpatient surgical ward	Geriatrician present on the ward regularly e.g. weekly ward rounds	Surgeon	Surgeon-led multidisciplinary nursing and allied health team PLUS Geriatrician and/or an aged care trained allied health professional or nurse
Screening-based referral for Geriatrician review	Inpatient surgical ward +/− Emergency department	Non-geriatrician screens patients (e.g. frailty screening) and if specified criteria met referral made for Geriatrician review	Surgeon	Surgeon-led multidisciplinary nursing and allied health team PLUS Screening by nurse/allied health professional/anaesthetist +/− Geriatrician review if screening criteria met
Proactive case-finding by Geriatrician	Inpatient surgical ward +/− Emergency department	Geriatrician or aged care nurse attends ED, board meetings or case conferences to identify patients for Geriatrician review	Surgeon	Surgeon-led multidisciplinary nursing and allied health team +/− Geriatrician and/or aged care nurse review
Geriatrician Co-management	Inpatient surgical ward	Blanket referral and involvement from admission to discharge	Surgeon and Geriatrician	Surgeon and Geriatrician Co-management within a shared multidisciplinary team
OUTPATIENT MODELS OF CARE
Models of perioperative care	Setting	Referral process for geriatrician input	Leadership	Team members
Traditional reactive model	Outpatient preadmission clinic	Non existent	Surgeon and/or Anaesthetist	Surgeon, anaesthetist and clinic nurse
Screening-based referral for Geriatrician review	Outpatient preadmission clinic +/− Inpatient surgical ward	Anaesthetist screens patients (e.g. frailty screening or presence of multimorbidity) and if specified criteria met referral made for Geriatrician review	Anaesthetist	Surgeon, anaesthetist and clinic nurse +/− Geriatrician and/or Aged Care nurse preoperative clinic review +/− Geriatrician and/or Aged Care nurse postoperative review on the ward
Joint preoperative clinic	Outpatient preoperative clinic +/− Inpatient surgical ward	Blanket referral	Geriatrician and Surgeon/Anaesthetist	Surgeon, geriatrician, anaesthetist and clinic nurse +/− Geriatrician postoperative review on the ward