Table 2.
Total effects of household/family characteristics on school characteristics and the moderating effects of proximity to school and adolescent’s gender (Step 1 of mediation analysis)
| Household / family characteristics | Effect | School PA-friendly index‡ | Social support for PA from peers | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| b (95% CI) | p | eb (95% CI) | p | ||
| Highest educational attainment in the household | Main - total | 0.06 (−0.01, 0.12) | 0.082 | 1.05 (1.02, 1.09) | 0.005 |
| @ below-average proximity of home to school | N/A | N/A | 1.10 (1.05,1.16) | < 0.001 | |
| @ average proximity of home to school | N/A | N/A | 1.06 (1.02,1.10) | 0.003 | |
| @ above-average proximity of home to school | N/A | N/A | 1.02 (0.96,1.08) | 0.479 | |
| Number of motor vehicles in the household | Main | 0.14 (0.02,0.26) | 0.027 | 0.97 (0.90,1.04) | 0.369 |
| @ below-average proximity of home to school | 0.25 (0.10,0.40) | 0.001 | 1.03 (0.94,1.12) | 0.588 | |
| @ average proximity of home to school | 0.11 (−0.01,0.23) | 0.069 | 0.95 (0.88,1.03) | 0.225 | |
| @ above-average proximity of home to school | −0.03 (− 0.21,0.15) | 0.738 | 0.89 (0.79,1.00) | 0.044 | |
| Number of children in the household | Main - total | 0.05 (−0.06,0.16) | 0.393 | 1.20 (1.12,1.28) | < 0.001 |
| Neighbourhood self-selection related to PA | Main - total | 0.07 (−0.04,0.18) | 0.193 | 1.06 (0.99,1.13) | 0.116 |
| In boys | −0.04 (− 0.20,0.11) | 0.595 | 0.97 (0.88,1.07) | 0.561 | |
| In girls | 0.17 (0.02,0.31) | 0.023 | 1.13 (1.04,1.24) | 0.007 | |
| Neighbourhood socio-economic status | Main - total | 0.04 (−0.22,0.29) | 0.777 | 1.12 (0.99,1.26) | 0.079 |
| Household income | Main - total | −0.02 (− 0.05,0.02) | 0.437 | 1.00 (0. 97,1.02) | 0.816 |
| Parental rules for PA | Main - total | 0.01 (−0.01,0.03) | 0.311 | 1.04 (1.02,1.05) | < 0.001 |
| Social support for PA from parents | Main - total | 0.15 (0.06,0.25) | 0.001 | 1.45 (1.37,1.54) | < 0.001 |
| PA equipment at home / neighbourhood | Main - total | 0.05 (0.01,0.08) | 0.007 | 1.07 (1.05,1.09) | < 0.001 |
| @ below-average proximity of home to school | N/A | N/A | 1.10 (1.06,1.13) | < 0.001 | |
| @ average proximity of home to school | N/A | N/A | 1.07 (1.05,1.09) | < 0.001 | |
| @ above-average proximity of home to school | N/A | N/A | 1.05 (1.02,1.08) | 0.002 | |
| Parental leisure-time PA^ | Main - total | 0.01 (−0.00,0.03) | 0.133 | 1.02 (1.01,1.03) | < 0.001 |
| In boys | N/A | N/A | 1.04 (1.02,1.06) | < 0.001 | |
| In girls | N/A | N/A | 1.01 (1.00,1.03) | 0.021 | |
| Parental transportation PA^ | Main - total | 0.00 (−0.01,0.02) | 0.726 | 1.01 (0.99,1.02) | 0.274 |
PA = physical activity; ‡ consisting of items measuring PA equipment at school and school PA-friendly policy supporting after-school PA
b = regression coefficient; CI = confidence interval; eb = exponentiated regression coefficient; N/A denotes ‘no significant interaction’; ^ minutes converted to hours (by dividing by 60). These regression models were adjusted for confounders listed in Table S1