Table 6.

Effects of household/family characteristics and school characteristics on adolescent’s characteristics and the moderating effects of adolescent’s gender for sub-sample^a (Step 2 of mediation analysis)

Household / family characteristics	Effect	Attitude towards PA		Enjoyment of PA		Athletic ability
		b (95% CI)	p	eb (95% CI)	p	b (95% CI)	p
Highest educational attainment in household	Main - direct	−0.00 (−0.03,0.03)	0.891	1.00 (0.98,1.02)	0.840	0.06 (−0.02,0.13)	0.133
	In boys	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.12 (0.02,0.21)	0.017
	In girls	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A	0.01 (−0.08,0.10)	0.858
No. of motor vehicles in household	Main - direct	−0.02 (− 0.07,0.03)	0.382	0.99 (0.96,1.03)	0.678	−0.04 (− 0.16,0.08)	0.536
No. of children in household	Main - direct	0.01 (−0.04,0.05)	0.761	1.00 (0.97,1.03)	0.972	0.02 (−0.09,0.14)	0.703
	In boys	−0.04 (− 0.10,0.03)	0.247	0.95 (0.91,0.99)	0.017	N/A	N/A
	In girls	0.05 (−0.01,0.11)	0.086	1.05 (1.01,1.10)	0.009	N/A	N/A
Neighbourhood self-selection for PA	Main - direct	0.05 (0.01,0.10)	0.028	1.00 (0.97,1.03)	0.998	−0.05(−0.17,0.06)	0.381
Neighbourhood socio-economic status	Main - direct	−0.01 (− 0.11,0.09)	0.813	0.99 (0.94,1.05)	0.779	−0.01(− 0.21,0.19)	0.897
Household income	Main - direct	0.02 (0.00,0.03)	0.030	1.00 (0.99,1.01)	0.488	0.01 (−0.03,0.05)	0.674
Parental rules for PA	Main - direct	0.00 (−0.01,0.01)	0.873	1.00 (0.99,1.01)	0.652	−0.01(− 0.03,0.02)	0.463
	In boys	0.01 (−0.00,0.03)	0.065	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
	In girls	−0.01 (−0.02,0.01)	0.249	N/A	N/A	N/A	N/A
Social support for PA from parents	Main - direct	0.05 (0.01,0.09)	0.021	1.02 (0.99,1.05)	0.174	0.15 (0.04,0.25)	0.006
PA equipment at home/neighbourhood	Main - direct	−0.00 (−0.02,0.01)	0.718	1.01 (1.00,1.02)	0.119	0.04 (0.00,0.08)	0.032
Parental leisure-time PA^	Main - direct	0.00 (−0.00,0.01)	0.279	1.00 (1.00,1.01)	0.101	0.01 (−0.01,0.03)	0.222
Parental transportation PA^	Main - direct	−0.01 (− 0.01,0.00)	0.141	1.00 (0.99,1.00)	0.569	0.01 (−0.01,0.02)	0.507
	In boys	N/A	N/A	0.99 (0.98,1.00)	0.004	N/A	N/A
	In girls	N/A	N/A	1.01 (1.00,1.013)	0.060	N/A	N/A
School PA-friendly index‡	Main - total	0.01 (−0.01,0.03)	0.337	1.02 (1.01,1.04)	0.003	0.01 (−0.05,0.07)	0.707
	Main - direct	0.01 (−0.01,0.03)	0.472	1.02 (1.01,1.04)	0.006	0.01 (−0.05,0.06)	0.842
Social support from peers	Main - direct	0.06 (0.03,0.10)	< 0.001	1.04 (1.02,1.06)	< 0.001	0.15 (0.06,0.23)	< 0.001
	In boys	N/A	N/A	1.02 (1.00,1.05)	0.096	N/A	N/A
	In girls	N/A	N/A	1.06 (1.03,1.10)	< 0.001	N/A	N/A

^a sub-sample of adolescents who wore accelerometer; PA = physical activity; b = regression coefficient; CI = confidence interval; e^b = exponentiated regression coefficient. N/A denotes ‘no significant interaction’; ^ minutes converted to hours (by dividing by 60); ^‡ consisting of items measuring PA equipment at school and school PA-friendly policy supporting after-school PA. These regression models were adjusted for confounders listed in Table S5