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. 2021 Jan 19;16:67. doi: 10.1186/s13018-021-02215-w

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© The Author(s) 2021

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 2 — a–c A representative image for type I fit. This patient was a 62-year-old woman who underwent THA at age 60 using a short tapered stem, which is a type I fit. a A postoperative AP radiograph of her left hip. b A postoperative lateral radiograph of the hip. C A 6-month postoperative AP radiograph. The following parameters were measured: (α₁) CSA, which represents the angle between the stem axis and the femur axis at the first follow-up; (α₂) CSA, which represents the angle between the stem axis and the femur axis at the last follow-up; (s₁) distance between the major trochanter apex and the stem shoulder perpendicular to the femoral stem axis at the first follow-up; (s₂) distance between the major trochanter apex and the stem shoulder perpendicular to the femoral stem axis at the last follow-up; and (β) SSA, which represents the angle between the stem axis and femur axis at the first follow-up. In the AP radiograph, if α₁/α₂ > 0, it illustrates the stem alignment is valgus, and if α₁/α₂ < 0, it illustrates the stem alignment is varus. In the lateral radiograph, if β > 0, it illustrates the stem alignment is retroverted, and if β < 0, it illustrates the stem alignment is anteverted