Table 2.
Regression Models for English CELF-4 Indices, B(SE)
| Dependent variables | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Core Language | Receptive Language | Expressive Language | |
| Intercept | 66.37*** (4.88) | 87.15*** (3.99) | 63.35*** (4.91) |
| SESa | 1.20*** (0.29) | 0.99*** (0.24) | 1.28*** (0.29) |
| Current Exposure to Englishb | 26.47*** (6.33) | 6.95 (5.23) | 28.09*** (6.37) |
| AoA Englishc | −0.16** (0.06) | −0.16** (0.05) | −0.16** (0.06) |
| Working Memoryd | 6.54*** (1.14) | 4.77*** (0.95) | 6.19*** (1.15) |
| Exposure to CSe | 2.10† (1.15) | 1.08 (0.94) | 2.63* (1.16) |
| WM:CSf | 2.54* (1.04) | 2.79** (0.86) | 2.58* (1.05) |
| ηp² WM:CSg | 0.035 | 0.059 | 0.036 |
| Observations | 169 | 173 | 169 |
| R2 | 0.52 | 0.44 | 0.52 |
| Adjusted R2 | 0.50 | 0.42 | 0.50 |
| F Statistic | 28.87*** | 21.73*** | 29.20*** |
| (df = 6; 162) | (df = 6; 166) | (df = 6; 162) | |
Note:
†
p < 0.10,
*
p <0.05;
**
p <0.01;
***
p <0.001
a
Socio Economic Status measured by maternal years of education
b
Parental report of percent exposure to English during waking hours in a typical week
c
Parental report of first exposure to English
d
Woodcock-Johnson III Number Reversed scores
e
Amount of code-switching heard on a 0–10 scale, averaged across family and school persons
f
Interaction between working memory and exposure to code-switching
g
Effect size of interaction; partial eta squared