Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics by Outcome (30-day Death and Prolonged Hospitalization)
| Variable | No Event (N=109) | Event (N=70) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristic | |||
| Age (y), median (Q1-Q3) | 59.0 (47.0-70.0) | 63.5 (49.0-76.0) | .18 |
| Patient-identified sex, no. (%) | .55 | ||
| Male | 65 (60) | 46 (66) | |
| Female | 43 (39) | 24 (34) | |
| Intersex | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Race/ethnicity, no. (%) | .24 | ||
| White | 53 (49) | 27 (39) | |
| African American | 4 (4) | 5 (7) | |
| Native American | 21 (19) | 11 (16) | |
| Asian | 2 (2) | 6 (9) | |
| Hispanic | 21 (19) | 15 (21) | |
| Other | 8 (7) | 6 (9) | |
| Body mass index (kg/m2), median (Q1-Q3) | 30.7 (27.1-36.3) | 28.4 (25.2-32.5) | .03 |
| COVID-19 symptoms, no. (%) | |||
| Dyspnea, cough | 80 (73) | 59 (84) | .09 |
| Fever, fatigue, malaise | 71 (65) | 38 (54) | .15 |
| Gastrointestinal symptoms | 37 (34) | 17 (24) | .17 |
| Anosmia, dysgeusia | 8 (7) | 1 (1) | .08 |
| Clinical characteristics, no. (%) | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 37 (34) | 30 (43) | .23 |
| Hypertension | 47 (43) | 37 (53) | .20 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 10 (9) | 11 (16) | .18 |
| Dialysis | 3 (3) | 2 (3) | .97 |
| Coronary artery disease | 8 (7) | 9 (13) | .22 |
| Valvular heart disease | 5 (5) | 3 (4) | .92 |
| Cardiac transplant | 2 (2) | 2 (3) | .65 |
| Other organ transplant | 3 (3) | 3 (4) | .58 |
| Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma | 11 (10) | 12 (17) | .17 |
| Pulmonary circulation disorder | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | .08 |
| Chronic liver disease | 2 (2) | 2 (3) | .65 |
| Cancer | 3 (3) | 7 (10) | .04 |
| Stroke | 5 (5) | 9 (13) | .04 |
| Cardiovascular disease (stroke/coronary artery disease) | 13 (12) | 17 (24) | .03 |
| Current/former smoker | 32 (29) | 19 (27) | .75 |
| Laboratory values, median (Q1-Q3) | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) [n=178] | 12.9 (11.3-14.3) | 11.1 (9.2-12.4) | <.001 |
| C-Reactive protein (mg/L) [n=169] | 72.8 (24.0-134.4) | 97.0 (32.1-187.9) | .10 |
| Ferritin (μg/L) [n=163] | 615.0 (187.0-932.0) | 726.5 (333.5-1282.5) | .05 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dL) [n=158] | 0.9 (0.7-1.2) | 1.1 (0.8-2.2) | .003 |
| Troponin (ng/L) [n=133] | 9 (6-29) | 44 (13-86) | <.001 |
| N-terminal prohormone B-type natriuretic peptide (pg/mL) [n=113] | 188 (78-508) | 2159 (392-5030) | <.001 |
| D-Dimer (ng/mL) [n=164] | 785 (503-1267) | 1356 (933-4154) | <.001 |
COVID-19, coronavirus disease 2019; Q, quartile.