Table 2.
Hemodynamic and Echocardiographic Characteristics by Outcomea
| Variable | No Event (N=109) | Event (N=70) | P |
|---|---|---|---|
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter, no. (%) | 7 (6) | 8 (11) | .24 |
| Heart rate (beats/min), mean ± SD | 78±15 | 80±17 | .41 |
| Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg), mean ± SD | 124±18 | 119±23 | .12 |
| Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg), mean ± SD | 73±13 | 67±14 | .005 |
| Ultrasound image enhancing agent, no. (%) | 33 (30) | 24 (34) | .57 |
| LV end-diastolic dimension (mm), mean ± SD | 46±9 | 46±11 | .88 |
| LV end-systolic dimension (mm), mean ± SD | 30±7 | 31±10 | .48 |
| LV end-diastolic volume (mL), mean ± SD | 109±36 | 115±50 | .38 |
| LV end-systolic volume (mL), mean ± SD | 45±21 | 53±41 | .13 |
| Septal wall thickness (mm), mean ± SD | 10.4±2.5 | 10.9±2.0 | .16 |
| Posterior wall thickness (mm), mean ± SD | 9.6±2 | 10.3±1.7 | .02 |
| Increased LV wall thickness (includes visual assessment), no. (%) [n=178]b | 21 (19) | 15 (22) | .77 |
| Relative wall thickness, mean ± SD | 39±15 | 43±14 | .12 |
| LVEF, mean ± SD | 59±9 | 57±14 | .16 |
| LVEF<35%, no. (%) | 3 (3) | 6 (9) | .08 |
| LVEF<50%, no. (%) | 10 (9) | 19 (27) | .001 |
| Change in LVEF vs prior echocardiogram, mean ± SD | −0.8±5.7 | −0.4±7.8 | .86 |
| LV global longitudinal strain, mean ± SD [n=29]b | −17.8±4.1 | −14.6±2.5 | .03 |
| RWMSI, mean ± SD | 1.1±0.3 | 1.2±0.4 | .02 |
| RWMSI >1, no. (%)c | 10 (11) | 16 (27) | .01 |
| Change in regional wall motion vs prior echocardiogram, no. (%) | .10 | ||
| No change | 19 (86) | 9 (64) | |
| Increased extent and severity | 2 (9) | 4 (29) | |
| Increased severity, same extent | 0 (0) | 1 (7) | |
| Improved | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| Mitral E/A ratio, mean ± SD | 1.1±0.5 | 1.2±0.7 | .34 |
| Mitral annulus e′ medial, mean ± SD | 0.1±0.03 | 0.1±0.1 | .42 |
| Mitral E/e′ (medial), mean ± SD | 10.6±4.1 | 12.0±5.7 | .12 |
| Left atrial size (visual), no. (%) [n=166]b | .13 | ||
| Normal | 75 (73) | 37 (59) | |
| Mildly enlarged | 11 (11) | 14 (22) | |
| Moderately enlarged | 10 (10) | 9 (14) | |
| Severely enlarged | 7 (7) | 3 (5) | |
| Change in left atrial size vs prior echocardiogram, no. (%) [n=32]b | .15 | ||
| No change | 19 (90) | 7 (64) | |
| Mildly increased | 1 (5) | 3 (27) | |
| Moderately increased | 1 (5) | 1 (9) | |
| RV size, no. (%) [n=175] | .31 | ||
| Normal | 72 (67) | 39 (57) | |
| Mildly enlarged | 24 (22) | 21 (31) | |
| Moderately enlarged | 9 (8) | 8 (12) | |
| Severely enlarged | 2 (2) | 0 (0) | |
| Change in RV size vs prior echocardiogram, no. (%) [n=34] | .43 | ||
| None | 18 (86) | 10 (77) | |
| Mildly increased | 3 (14) | 2 (15) | |
| Moderately increased | 0 (0) | 1 (8) | |
| RV function, no. (%) [n=175] | .13 | ||
| Normal | 77 (72) | 44 (65) | |
| Mildly reduced | 23 (21) | 14 (21) | |
| Moderately reduced | 4 (4) | 9 (13) | |
| Severely reduced | 3 (3) | 1 (1) | |
| Change in RV function vs prior echocardiogram, no. (%) [n=34] | .36 | ||
| No change | 19 (90) | 10 (77) | |
| Mildly reduced | 2 (10) | 2 (15) | |
| Moderately reduced | 0 (0) | 1 (8) | |
| Right atrial pressure (mm Hg), mean ± SD | 7±4 | 11±5 | <.001 |
| Change in right atrial pressure (mm Hg), mean ± SD [n=30] | 2±4 | 3±7 | .58 |
| RVSP (mm Hg), mean ± SD [n=101] | 33±10 | 40±11 | <.001 |
| RVSP ≥35 mm Hg, no. (%) | 20 (32) | 24 (62) | .004 |
| Change in RVSP vs prior echocardiogram, mean ± SD [n= 23] | 3.4±9.9 | 4.7±5.6 | .74 |
| Tricuspid valve regurgitation, no. (%) [n=172] | .04 | ||
| None or trivial | 81 (76) | 42 (64) | |
| Mild-moderate | 21 (20) | 19 (29) | |
| Moderate | 3 (3) | 3 (5) | |
| Moderate-severe | 1 (1) | 0 (0) | |
| Severe | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | |
| Change in tricuspid valve regurgitation vs prior echocardiogram, no. (%) | >0.99 | ||
| None | 21 (95) | 14 (100) | |
| Mildly increased | 1 (5) | 0 (0) | |
| Pericardial effusion, no. (%) | 10 (9) | 13 (19) | .07 |
| Intracardiac mass or thrombus, no. (%) | 0 (0) | 2 (3) | .21 |
a
LV, left ventricular; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; RV, right ventricular; RVSP, right ventricular systolic pressure; RWMSI, regional wall motion score index.
b
Number of patients for whom this comparison could be made when it was less than the total.
c
21 patients with global left ventricular dysfunction and 9 in whom regional wall motion could not be accurately assessed were excluded from the comparison.