Figure 1.

The schematic illustration of the formation process and intracellular mechanism of the CP@NP‐cRGD. CP@NP‐cRGD was prepared by biomineralization method. PD173074 was first encapsulated with organic DSP‐PEG‐CRGD core, and then CQ was adsorbed in the inorganic CaP shell. The working mechanism of CP@NP‐cRGD in NSCLC cells is as follows: (a) the appropriate size of nanoparticles results in the EPR effect, (b) cRGD short peptide mediates the enhanced active tumor targeting effect, (c) pH‐sensitive CaP shell causes lysosomal escape, (d) CQ is firstly released to inhibit autophagy, (e) then PD173074 is released to inhibit FGFR1 pathway, and (f) inhibition of the above pathways results in down‐stream pERK downregulation, which synergistically reverses AZD9291 resistance.