Table 2.
Performance of different screening strategies for diagnosis of diabetes in the study cohort
| Test | Sensitivity (%) (95% CI) | Specificity (%) (95% CI) | PPV (%) (95% CI) | NPV (%) (95% CI) | Diagnosis missed in total cohort | Diagnosis missed in women with diabetes | OGTT required to diagnose diabetes (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L | 97.6 (87.4, 99.9) | 78.5 (73.7, 82.8) | 36.3 (31.6, 41.3) | 99.6 (97.4, 99.95) | 0.3% | 2.4% | 24.7a |
| FPG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L | 85.7 (71.5, 94.6) | 92.5 (89.2, 95.1) | 59.0 (49.2, 68.2) | 98.1 (96.1, 99.1) | 1.6% | 14.3% | 10.9a |
| HbA1c ≥ 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) | 97.6 (87.4, 99.9) | 65.4 (60.0, 70.5) | 26.1 (23.2, 29.2) | 99.6 (96.9, 99.9) | 0.3% | 2.4% | 34.5 |
| HbA1c ≥ 6.0% (42 mmol/mol) | 88.1 (74.4, 96.0) | 85.4 (81.2, 89.0) | 43.0 (36.3, 50.0) | 98.3 (96.2, 99.2) | 1.3% | 11.9% | 15.6 |
| FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) | 100.0 (91.6, 100.0) | 55.2 (49.7, 60.6) | 21.9 (19.9, 24.0) | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 42.4 |
| FPG ≥ 5.6 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.0% (42 mmol/mol) | 100.0 (91.6, 100.0) | 69.3 (64.0, 74.2) | 29.0 (25.8, 32.4) | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 30.0 |
| FPG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 5.7% (39 mmol/mol) | 100.0 (91.6, 100.0) | 63.6 (58.2, 68.7) | 25.6 (23.0, 28.4) | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 35.0 |
| FPG ≥ 6.1 mmol/L or HbA1c ≥ 6.0% (42 mmol/mol) | 100.0 (91.6, 100.0) | 81.5 (76.9, 85.5) | 40.4 (35.1, 45.9) | 100.0 | 0 | 0 | 19.1 |
FPG fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c hemoglobin A1c, NPV negative predictive value, OGTT oral glucose tolerance test, PPV positive predictive value
aOGTTs along with HbA1c