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. 2021 Jan 18;9(1):e001932. doi: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001932

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© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2021. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.

This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Unported (CC BY 4.0) license, which permits others to copy, redistribute, remix, transform and build upon this work for any purpose, provided the original work is properly cited, a link to the licence is given, and indication of whether changes were made. See https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The ERβ agonist S-equol promotes CD8⁺ T cell activation and antitumor immunotherapy. (A) IP-Western blot of pY36 (top) and total ERβ (bottom) in mouse primary CD8⁺ T cells pretreated with S-equol for 4 hours, followed by anti-CD3/CD28 treatment for the indicated time period. (B, C) AT-3 mammary tumor growth (B) and tumor weight (C) in female WT C57BL/6J mice with four-arm treatments. Vehicle+α-IgG, S-equol+α-IgG, Vehicle+α-PD-1, S-equol+α-PD-1. (D, E) EMT-6 mammary tumor growth (D) and tumor weight (E) in female WT BALB/c mice with four-arm treatments. Vehicle+α-IgG, S-equol+α-IgG, Vehicle+α-PD-1, S-equol+α-PD-1. (F, G) Flow cytometry of AT-3 (F) and EMT-6 (G) percentage of CD8⁺ among tumor-infiltrating CD45⁺ cell population. WT, wild-type.