Table 1.
Characteristics and Mortality of Patients With and Without Diagnoses of COVID-19 From DCI Dialysis Facilities With at Least One Affected Patient From February-June 2020
| With COVID-19 Diagnosis | Without COVID-19 Diagnosis | P | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of patients | 438 (5.5%) | 7,510 (94.5%) | |
| Age, y | 65.2 ± 13.2 (67.0) | 62.0 ± 14.9 (63.4) | <0.001a |
| <50 y | 54 (12.3%) | 1,527 (20.3%) | |
| 51-59 y | 91 (20.8%) | 1,544 (20.6%) | |
| 60-69 y | 124 (28.3%) | 2,023 (26.9%) | |
| 70-79 y | 114 (26.0%) | 1,608 (21.4%) | |
| 80+ y | 55 (12.6%) | 808 (10.8%) | |
| Male sex | 264 (60.3%) | 4,281 (57.0%) | 0.2 |
| Race | <0.001a | ||
| White | 115 (26.3%) | 2,741 (36.5%) | |
| Black | 253 (57.8%) | 3,426 (45.6%) | |
| Other/not stated | 70 (16.0%) | 1,343 (17.9%) | |
| Ethnicity | 0.6 | ||
| Hispanic | 37 (8.5%) | 597 (8.0%) | |
| Non-Hispanic | 335 (76.5%) | 5,653 (75.3%) | |
| Not stated | 66 (15.1%) | 1,260 (16.8%) | |
| Dialysis vintage, mo | 56.0 ± 55.4 (39.4) | 54.9 ± 58.2 (36.9) | 0.2 |
| <3 mo | 29 (6.6%) | 536 (7.1%) | |
| 3-12 mo | 51 (11.6%) | 1,028 (13.7%) | |
| 12-36 mo | 120 (27.4%) | 2,137 (28.5%) | |
| >36 mo | 238 (54.3%) | 3,809 (50.7%) | |
| Home dialysis modality | 18 (4.1%) | 1,070 (14.3%) | <0.001a |
| Urban clinic | 412 (94.1%) | 6,613 (88.1%) | <0.001a |
| Central venous catheter | 104 (23.7%) | 1,621 (21.6%) | 0.3 |
| Congregate setting | 239 (54.6%) | 511 (6.8%) | <0.001a |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.8 ± 0.4 (3.8) | 3.9 ± 0.4 (3.9) | <0.001a |
| <3.5 g/dL | 84 (19.2%) | 1,037 (13.8%) | |
| 3.5-3.9 g/dL | 184 (42.0%) | 2,853 (38.0%) | |
| ≥4 g/dL | 147 (35.8%) | 3,365 (44.8%) | |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 29.0 ± 7.5 (27.5) | 28.5 ± 7.5 (27.2) | 0.1 |
| Tobacco use | 72 (16.4%) | 1,230 (16.4%) | 0.9 |
| ACEI/ARB | 141 (32.2%) | 2,430 (32.4%) | 0.9 |
| Inhaled respiratory agent | 109 (24.9%) | 1,503 (20.0%) | 0.01a |
| Corticosteroid | 27 (6.2%) | 557 (7.4%) | 0.3 |
| Pneumococcal vaccination | 385 (87.9%) | 6,531 (87.0%) | 0.6 |
| 2019 Influenza vaccination | 362 (82.7%) | 6,072 (80.9%) | 0.4 |
| No. of comorbidities | 3.3 ± 1.9 (3.0) | 3.0 ± 1.8 (3.0) | 0.003a |
| Comorbidity | |||
| Diabetes mellitus | 306 (69.9%) | 4,367 (58.2%) | <0.001a |
| Hypertension | 346 (79.0%) | 6,208 (82.7%) | 0.05a |
| CHF | 104 (23.7 %) | 1,580 (21.0%) | 0.2 |
| Atherosclerotic heart disease | 118 (26.9%) | 1,650 (22.0%) | 0.02a |
| Stroke | 51 (11.6%) | 665 (8.9%) | 0.05a |
| Other cardiovascular | 162 (37.0%) | 2,550 (34.0%) | 0.2 |
| COPD | 66 (15.1%) | 1,053 (14.0%) | 0.5 |
| PVD | 68 (15.5%) | 1,115 (14.9%) | 0.7 |
| Amputation history | 14 (3.2%) | 182 (2.4%) | 0.3 |
| Assistance with ADL | 4 (0.9%) | 25 (0.3%) | 0.07 |
| Cancer history | 36 (8.2%) | 6161 (8.2%) | 0.9 |
| Alcohol abuse history | 56 (12.8%) | 907 (12.1%) | 0.7 |
| Drug abuse history | 29 (6.6%) | 427 (5.7%) | 0.4 |
| Wheelchair use | 15 (3.4%) | 147 (2.0%) | 0.03a |
| Death | 109 (24.9%) | 275 (3.7%) | <0.001a |
| Days to death | 16.7 ± 17.1 (11.0) | 43.4 ± 26.7 (45.0) | <0.001a |
Data are mean ± SD (median) or number (%). Race and ethnicity are independent of each other. We used t-test, ANOVA, and χ2 tests to compare data for most continuous, categorical, and dichotomous variables, respectively, by COVID-19 status. Exceptions are the use of the Kruskal-Wallis test for dialysis vintage and body mass index and use of the Fisher exact test for assistance with ADL.
Abbreviations: ADL, activities of daily living; ANOVA, analysis of variance; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; CHF, congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PVD, peripheral vascular disease.
Statistically significant.