Table 3.
Characteristics of Populations With ADL vs LSC Disabilitya
| Characteristic | Any ADL disability, % (95% CI) | Any LSC disability, % (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|
| Proportion of cohort | 19.2% | 19.6% |
| Any ADL disability | 100% | 57.0 (55.0–59.0) |
| Any LCS disability | 58.1 (56.2–60.1) | 100% |
| Gender | ||
| Female | 63.8 (61.4–66.1) | 72.6 (70.5–74.6)c |
| Age | ||
| 65–74 | 23.9 (21.7–26.3) | 24.6 (22.5–26.9) |
| 75–84 | 39.0 (36.9–41.3) | 37.9 (35.8–40.0) |
| >85 | 37.1 (35.0–39.2) | 37.5 (35.4–39.6) |
| Race | ||
| White, non-Hispanic | 76.2 (74.2–78.2) | 71.7 (69.5–73.7)c |
| Black, non-Hispanic | 8.3 (7.8–8.8) | 12.7 (11.6–13.9)c |
| Hispanic | 6.5 (5.8–7.3) | 11.4 (9.8–13.2)c |
| Other | 3.4 (2.9–4.1) | 4.3 (3.3–5.6) |
| Proxy reporter | 35.9 (34.0–37.8) | 30.4 (28.6–32.1)c |
| Lives alone | 30.7 (28.5–33.0) | 40.7 (38.3–43.1)c |
| Number of people in social network | ||
| None | 8.6 (7.6–9.7) | 10.0 (8.8–11.4) |
| 1 | 33.1 (31.2–35.1) | 34.3 (32.4–36.3) |
| 2+ | 58.3 (56.1–60.4) | 55.7 (53.6–57.9) |
| In the last year, not enough money for | ||
| Health care bills and medications | 5.6 (4.6–6.9) | 5.5 (4.4–6.7) |
| Utilities and rent | 4.3 (3.5–5.3) | 4.2 (3.4–5.3) |
| Medicaid insurance | 27.0 (24.8–29.4) | 28.3 (26.2–30.6) |
| Self-reported illness prevalence | ||
| Heart disease | 33.0 (30.6–35.5) | 31.2 (29.0–33.6) |
| Diabetes | 36.1 (33.5–38.8) | 36.7 (34.2–39.3) |
| Lung disease | 27.0 (24.7–29.4) | 27.3 (25.0–29.7) |
| Stroke | 25.7 (23.5–28.1) | 22.3 (20.4–24.5) |
| Cancer | 32.4 (30.0–34.9) | 27.6 (25.4–29.8)c |
| Depression (PHQ-2) | 30.0 (28.2–31.8) | 28.9 (27.2–30.7) |
| Anxiety (GAD-2) | 24.3 (22.6–26.1) | 23.4 (21.8–25.1) |
| Probable/possible dementiab | 50.6 (48.2–53.0) | 44.7 (42.5–47.0)c |
| Self-reported fair or poor health | 49.5 (47.4–51.6) | 49.0 (46.9–51.1) |
| Fall in the last month | 24.3 (22.8–25.8) | 18.2 (16.9–19.6)c |
| Bothersome level of pain | 70.0 (68.1–71.9) | 67.1 (65.2–69.0) |
Notes: ADL = activities of daily living; CI = confidence interval; GAD-2 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder–2 items; LSC = life space constriction; PHQ-2 = Patient Health Questionnaire–2 items.
aADL disability is defined as receiving help in any ADL, and LSC disability is defined as leaving the house less often than every day. bDetermined through a combination of self-report and cognitive testing. cNonoverlapping 95% CIs in the rate of each characteristic for those with ADL vs LSC disability. Sample proportions are adjusted by survey weights to account for survey sampling and design structure.