Fig. 1.

Model-predicted pHLIP state 2–state 3 transition rates and equilibrium titration curves. (A) Predicted titration curves for wild-type pHLIP insertion and exit rates into/from lipid membranes were generated using n_Ins = n_Ex = 1.32. (B) These rates in turn were used to produce the titration curve for the equilibrium state 3 fraction in POPC liposomes. (C) When the same model was applied to cells, the titration curve shown was generated. The predicted curve fits published experimental data from ref. (19) (orange dots) well.