Table 3.
Covid-19 mortality, climate risk, readiness, and individualism.
| (1) OLS |
(2) OLS |
(3) OLS |
(4) OLS |
(5) OLS |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| GDP Growth | −0.230* | −0.202 | −0.229 | −0.195 | −0.154 |
| (0.135) | (0.136) | (0.200) | (0.197) | (0.197) | |
| GDP per capita | 0.372 | 0.375 | −0.990** | −0.048 | 0.045 |
| (0.453) | (0.445) | (0.442) | (0.604) | (0.653) | |
| Density | 0.265 | 0.303 | 0.939*** | 0.761** | 0.818** |
| (0.200) | (0.193) | (0.319) | (0.336) | (0.320) | |
| Pop65 | 0.358*** | 0.359*** | 0.164 | 0.267** | 0.272** |
| (0.091) | (0.089) | (0.126) | (0.114) | (0.117) | |
| Health Exp | −0.056** | −0.052* | −0.116*** | −0.082** | −0.076** |
| (0.027) | (0.029) | (0.037) | (0.035) | (0.035) | |
| Hospital Beds | −0.038** | −0.039** | −0.027 | −0.027 | −0.028 |
| (0.017) | (0.017) | (0.022) | (0.023) | (0.024) | |
| Stringency | −0.012 | −0.013 | −0.012 | 0.006 | 0.007 |
| (0.025) | (0.024) | (0.037) | (0.039) | (0.037) | |
| Climate Risk | 0.019** | 0.019** | 0.017* | ||
| (0.009) | (0.009) | (0.010) | |||
| ND-Gain | −0.126* | −0.224** | |||
| (0.069) | (0.093) | ||||
| Readiness | −0.082** | −0.148** | |||
| (0.039) | (0.058) | ||||
| Individualism | 0.091*** | 0.107*** | 0.104*** | ||
| (0.026) | (0.027) | (0.027) | |||
| Region dummies | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| N | 110 | 110 | 81 | 81 | 81 |
| R2 | 0.417 | 0.419 | 0.505 | 0.521 | 0.527 |
Notes: This table reports the regression results to assess the impact of the control variables, climate risk, readiness of countries to climate change, and individualism on Covid-19 mortality rate (DR1). The specifications are estimated by OLS regression. Variable definitions are presented in Appendix A. Robust standard errors are in parentheses. ***, **, * denote the significance level at 1%, 5%, and 10%, respectively.